Przebieg r20261030-0444-v004-zadymiarka-concept-1

Requirements — compact mains fog machine (concept tier)

Stage: requirements (stage C), written 2026-10-30 beside the concept agents. Machine-readable twin: deliverables/01-requirements/requirements.json (same ids, numbers copied exactly from INPUT/requirements.md). Inputs read: INPUT/requirements.md, INPUT/brief.md, work/intake/hazards.md, work/intake/use.md (headings only), work/research/regulatory.md. Conflicts resolved by method/POLICY.md §1. Hand estimates in this file are labelled CALCULATION (hand) or ASSUMPTION; the calc stage replaces them.

Given requirements

ZAD-PRF-01 — Warm-up time

• Original: From switching on cold (20 °C) to the first full-rate fog output (READY) takes at most this long at nominal voltage; the time at 207 V (-10 %) is also stated.
• Metric (INPUT): time from power-on to READY at 230 V, 20 °C ambient. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 3 min · Threshold: ≤ 5 min. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, test-plan — Heat-up calculation from the masses and specific heats of the heat exchanger (CAD/BOM) and the net heater power; timed warm-up test at 230 V and 207 V in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Cold start at 20 degC ambient, exchanger and fluid at 20 degC, 230 V (EU) / 120 V (US) at the inlet, time from mains switch-on to READY (exchanger at fluid-type set point, pump permitted). Also reported at 207 V. Verified by heat-up calculation (exchanger mass x c x dT / net heater power) and a timed test. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Low exchanger thermal mass per watt: with ~1 kW heater a 3 min warm-up allows at most ~180 kJ stored to reach ~300 degC from 20 degC, i.e. heat capacity <= ~640 J/K (ASSUMPTION hand estimate, dT 280 K); conflicts with ZAD-PRF-04 stored heat.

ZAD-PRF-02 — Continuous output without pauses

• Original: The machine sustains this fluid vaporisation rate indefinitely with no pause and no spitting, measured over a 30-minute run after READY.
• Metric (INPUT): continuously sustained fluid consumption over 30 min (weigh the tank before and after). Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 22 ml/min · Threshold: ≥ 15 ml/min. Weight 5 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, test-plan — Energy balance: (heater power - heat losses) / energy per ml of the stated fluid must support the claimed rate; 30-minute weighed run in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Fluid mass lost from the tank over 30 min after READY at 100 % (continuous mode), converted to ml with the fluid density, divided by 30; no pause and no spitting during the run; at 230 V and 20-25 degC ambient with a standard-hang ANSI E1.5 fluid. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Net heater power after losses must cover vaporisation energy: 22 ml/min of water-glycol needs roughly 22/60 ml/s x ~2.3 kJ/ml = ~0.85 kW (ASSUMPTION energy/ml, to be replaced by the calc stage); this binds the heater to near the ZAD-PWR-02 limit.

ZAD-PRF-03 — Output never stops for reheating

• Original: With output commanded at 100 % for 30 minutes after READY, fog output never stops; it may derate smoothly to the continuous rate. Budget machines stop for 20-60 s to reheat; this one must not.
• Metric (INPUT): longest interruption of fog output during a 30-min run at 100 % command. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 0 s · Threshold: ≤ 10 s. Weight 5 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Control strategy (firmware) shows how pump rate follows the available heat; 30-minute run at 100 % in the test plan with output gaps timed (video or flow log).
• Interpretation (verified when): Run 30 min at 100 % command after READY; the longest interval with no visible fog at the outlet (video at >= 25 fps or pump-flow log) is the metric. Smooth derating to the continuous rate is allowed. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Firmware must meter pump flow from the available heat (exchanger temperature feedback) instead of bang-bang stop-to-reheat; pump must be continuously variable down to the continuous rate.

ZAD-PRF-04 — Peak output from READY

• Original: Fluid vaporised in the first 30 seconds at 100 % output, starting from READY, without spitting.
• Metric (INPUT): fluid vaporised in the first 30 s at 100 % from READY. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 25 ml · Threshold: ≥ 12 ml. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, test-plan — Stored-heat calculation (exchanger heat capacity × allowed temperature droop + heater energy in 30 s) vs energy per ml; weighed 30-second burst test.
• Interpretation (verified when): From READY (thermally settled >= 5 min), command 100 % for 30 s; fluid mass lost from the tank in that 30 s, converted to ml, with no spitting. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Stored heat between set point and the lowest non-spitting temperature plus 30 s of heater energy must vaporise >= 12 ml (~28 kJ at ~2.3 kJ/ml, ASSUMPTION): heater alone gives ~30 kJ in 30 s at 1 kW, so the threshold is met mainly by the heater; the target needs ~30 kJ extra stored heat.

ZAD-PRF-05 — Lowest stable output

• Original: The lowest output setting gives a steady thin fog (no visible puffs with gaps longer than 2 s), for haze-like effects in small rooms and on video.
• Metric (INPUT): lowest stable fluid rate. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 2 ml/min · Threshold: ≤ 5 ml/min. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Pump drive and metering resolution in the electronics/firmware; low-output test with a weighed run and a video of the plume.
• Interpretation (verified when): Lowest selectable output, 30 min weighed run; fog plume continuous (no gap > 2 s on video). Verification: Test.
• Design consequence: Pump metering resolution: pulse/stroke volume small enough or a proportional pump drive; the exchanger must not overheat at low flow (regulated).

ZAD-PRF-06 — Output stability

• Original: At any constant setting up to the continuous rate, the fluid rate stays within this band (1-minute averages over 30 minutes), including at 207 V and 253 V supply.
• Metric (INPUT): deviation of 1-minute average fluid rate from its 30-min mean. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 5 % · Threshold: ≤ 15 %. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Output control method (metering, compensation of supply voltage and back-pressure); 30-minute flow log at three supply voltages in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): At any constant setting up to the continuous rate, every 1-minute average fluid rate within +-X % of the 30-min mean, repeated at 207 V, 230 V and 253 V (EU) and 108/120/132 V (US variant, ASSUMPTION +-10 %). Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Pump drive regulated against supply variation (pump on regulated DC, or closed-loop stroke counting); heater power varies +-20 % with voltage so the control must not let temperature limiting cause flow swings at settings below continuous.

ZAD-PRF-07 — No spitting or dripping

• Original: No liquid fluid leaves the outlet in normal use: from the first READY, during 30 minutes at 100 % command, and in the 10 minutes after switch-off.
• Metric (INPUT): liquid droplets landing on a 1 m × 2 m absorbent sheet in front of and under the outlet during the test. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 0 droplets · Threshold: ≤ 3 droplets. Weight 5 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Fluid-path and control design reviewed for the causes of spitting and dripping; droplet test with an absorbent sheet in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Absorbent sheet 1 m x 2 m in front of and below the outlet; count droplet marks from first READY through 30 min at 100 % and 10 min after switch-off, at 230 V and at 207 V. Verification: Test.
• Design consequence: No pumping below the vaporisation temperature, check/anti-siphon valve, no gravity path from the tank to the exchanger, post-run drain-back or purge, outlet geometry that drains inward.

ZAD-PRF-08 — Works with standard fog fluids

• Original: Works with commercially available water-based glycol fog fluids made to ANSI E1.5 (standard, quick-dissipating and long-hang types of at least three brands) without hardware changes and without voiding the warranty.
• Metric (INPUT): compatible fluid types and brands stated, with any setting changes. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes, incl. a fluid-type setting that adapts the temperature · Threshold: yes. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Fluid compatibility statement with the temperature window per fluid type and the wetted materials.
• Interpretation (verified when): A compatibility statement lists fluid types (standard, quick-dissipating, long-hang) and at least three brands made to ANSI E1.5, with the exchanger temperature window per type; the unit has a fluid-type setting that changes the set point; wetted materials are compatible with glycol/water mixtures at the temperatures. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Wetted materials glycol-resistant (stainless/brass exchanger, FKM/EPDM or silicone seals - ASSUMPTION), firmware fluid-type menu with set-point table.

ZAD-PRF-09 — Fluid tank capacity

• Original: Usable fluid volume of the tank (from full to the low-fluid stop).
• Metric (INPUT): usable tank volume. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 1.2 L · Threshold: ≥ 1 L. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic, calculation — Internal tank volume from CAD minus the unusable volume below the pick-up.
• Interpretation (verified when): Internal tank volume from CAD minus the volume below the pick-up / low-fluid stop level, machine level on the floor. Verification: Analysis + Inspection.
• Design consequence: Tank of ~1.3-1.5 L gross inside a <= 12-16 L envelope; pick-up at the lowest point; low-fluid sensor at the defined stop level.

ZAD-SIZ-01 — Overall volume

• Original: Bounding box of the complete product ready to use (feet, handle and controls included; hanging bracket, cables and remote excluded).
• Metric (INPUT): bounding-box volume (length × width × height). Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 12 L · Threshold: ≤ 16 L. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic — Bounding box of the top-level assembly in the STEP/CAD file.
• Interpretation (verified when): Axis-aligned bounding box of the top-level STEP assembly in use configuration (feet, handle, controls included; bracket, cables, remote excluded), L x W x H in litres. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Dense packaging of tank, exchanger, insulation, electronics; e.g. 300 x 200 x 200 mm = 12 L.

ZAD-SIZ-02 — Longest side

• Original: Longest dimension of the same bounding box (fits a DJ case or a 13-inch laptop bag compartment).
• Metric (INPUT): longest bounding-box dimension. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 320 mm · Threshold: ≤ 380 mm. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic — Bounding box of the top-level assembly in the STEP/CAD file.
• Interpretation (verified when): Longest edge of the same bounding box. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Longest side limits the exchanger + nozzle + tank arrangement along the fog axis.

ZAD-WGT-01 — Dry mass

• Original: Mass of the product with an empty tank, without the remote, cables and bracket.
• Metric (INPUT): dry mass. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 3 kg · Threshold: ≤ 4 kg. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic, calculation — CAD mass properties with material densities plus BOM masses of purchased parts; the two must agree within 10 %.
• Interpretation (verified when): Dry mass with empty tank, without remote, cords and bracket; CAD mass properties plus BOM masses, the two agreeing within 10 %. Verification: Analysis + Inspection.
• Design consequence: Aluminium/thin-wall exchanger, moulded plastic housing with sheet-metal heat shield; no heavy steel chassis or transformer.

ZAD-PWR-01 — Mains variants

• Original: Two mains variants share one design - EU 220-240 V~ 50/60 Hz and US 120 V~ 60 Hz; parts that differ (heater, pump, fuse, cord, labels) are listed per variant in the BOM.
• Metric (INPUT): mains variants fully specified. Target/threshold (INPUT): EU and US variants complete in BOM and drawings · Threshold: EU and US variants complete in BOM and drawings. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic, judge — BOM contains both variants; electrical calculations are done for both voltages.
• Interpretation (verified when): BOM lists EU (220-240 V 50/60 Hz) and US (120 V 60 Hz) variant parts (heater, pump, fuse, cord, labels, any voltage-specific parts); electrical calculations done at both voltages. Verification: Inspection + Analysis.
• Design consequence: Variant-specific heater (two resistances for the same power), pump at universal or LV DC, universal-input LV supply, two cord sets, two label sets.

ZAD-PWR-02 — Rated input power

• Original: Rated input power at 230 V (heater + pump + electronics). The 120 V variant must stay at or below 1,440 W (12 A, continuous load on a 15 A US circuit).
• Metric (INPUT): rated input power of the EU variant. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 1000 W · Threshold: ≤ 1200 W. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, automatic — Heater resistance at operating temperature plus pump and electronics power; heater rating in the BOM.
• Interpretation (verified when): Rated input of the EU variant at 230 V: heater resistance at operating temperature plus pump and electronics. The US variant must additionally be <= 1440 W (12 A x 120 V); verified by calculation and input-power measurement (EN 60335-1 cl. 10 deviation applies - ASSUMPTION clause). Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Heater ~900-950 W leaves room for pump and electronics within 1000 W; this caps ZAD-PRF-02 at ~22-24 ml/min after losses.

ZAD-PWR-03 — Ready-hold power

• Original: Average power drawn while READY and not fogging (heat losses of the exchanger) at 25 °C ambient.
• Metric (INPUT): average input power while READY, not fogging. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 80 W · Threshold: ≤ 150 W. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, test-plan — Heat-loss calculation of the insulated exchanger; power-meter measurement over 30 min in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Average input over 30 min while READY and not fogging at 25 degC ambient, power meter at the inlet. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Insulated exchanger (low conductance to housing), small hot surface area; a 300 degC exchanger needs total loss conductance <= ~0.29 W/K to hold 80 W (CALCULATION by hand: 80 W / 275 K).

ZAD-PWR-04 — Standby and off power

• Original: Off mode at most 0.5 W; standby with the remote receiver and DMX listening at most this value; the heater has a user-configurable idle auto-off.
• Metric (INPUT): input power in standby (heater off, receiver and DMX active). Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 0.5 W · Threshold: ≤ 2 W. Weight 1 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, test-plan — Power budget of the low-voltage supply and electronics in standby; measurement in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Input power with heater off, radio receiver and DMX receiver active, measured at 230 V; off-mode (mains switch or soft-off) <= 0.5 W; user-configurable idle auto-off of the heater. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Low-standby LV supply (no-load < 0.1 W class), radio receiver duty-cycled or low-current, MCU in sleep with DMX wake.

ZAD-FUN-01 — DMX512 control

• Original: DMX512-A (ANSI E1.11) input and thru, electrically isolated from mains; at least 2 channels (output level 0-100 %, mode/timer); start address set on the unit (no DIP switches). 5-pin XLR is the standard connector; 3-pin XLR is common in the DJ market.
• Metric (INPUT): DMX512-A connectors, isolation, channels, addressing. Target/threshold (INPUT): 5-pin and 3-pin XLR in + thru, isolated, ≥ 2 channels, display addressing · Threshold: 5-pin XLR in + thru (or 3-pin with an included adapter), isolated, ≥ 1 channel, addressing on the unit. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, automatic — Schematic (RS-485 interface, isolation, termination), connectors in the BOM, DMX handling in firmware.
• Interpretation (verified when): Schematic shows an RS-485 transceiver isolated from mains (reinforced insulation) with in and thru XLR connectors, termination option, >= 2 DMX channels (level 0-100 %, mode/timer), start address set from the display; target 5-pin and 3-pin XLR, threshold 5-pin (or 3-pin with adapter) and >= 1 channel. Verification: Inspection + Analysis.
• Design consequence: Isolated DMX front end (isolated DC/DC + isolated transceiver or digital isolator), 2-4 XLR connectors in BOM, firmware DMX receiver.

ZAD-FUN-02 — RDM

• Original: Remote Device Management (ANSI E1.20) for addressing, status (temperature, fluid, faults) and identification.
• Metric (INPUT): RDM support. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: no (not required). Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — RDM parameter list in the firmware documentation.
• Interpretation (verified when): RDM (ANSI E1.20) responder with a parameter list (addressing, identify, temperature, fluid, fault status) in the firmware documentation. Threshold: not required. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Half-duplex RS-485 with direction control, RDM stack in firmware; adds no hardware if the transceiver supports it.

ZAD-FUN-03 — Wireless remote, range and pairing

• Original: A wireless remote is included. It is paired to its machine(s) with a unique ID so neighbouring machines are never triggered; functions: momentary fog, continuous on/off, output level, timer start/stop.
• Metric (INPUT): line-of-sight operating range indoors. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 50 m · Threshold: ≥ 30 m. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, judge, test-plan — Radio choice and link budget with the antenna position in CAD; pairing scheme; range test in a hall.
• Interpretation (verified when): Indoor line-of-sight range in a hall: remote and machine 1 m above floor, >= 99 % of commands executed (ASSUMPTION success criterion); link budget from module datasheets with antenna placement from CAD; unique-ID pairing so neighbouring units never respond. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Pre-certified sub-GHz or 2.4 GHz module with antenna outside the metal shield; pairing with a stored unique ID and rolling counter.

ZAD-FUN-04 — Remote status and multiple machines

• Original: The remote shows machine state (heating/ready/low fluid/fault) and controls at least 4 machines individually or as a group.
• Metric (INPUT): two-way status on the remote; number of machines controllable. Target/threshold (INPUT): two-way status on the remote, ≥ 4 machines in groups · Threshold: one-way remote, ≥ 2 machines, status visible on the machine from 5 m. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Radio protocol and remote UI description.
• Interpretation (verified when): Radio protocol and remote UI show two-way status (heating/ready/low fluid/fault) and control of >= 4 machines individually or as a group (target); threshold one-way remote, >= 2 machines, status visible on the machine from 5 m. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Transceiver in both remote and machine for the target (affects FCC route: not a pure 15.231 control transmitter); bright status LED on the machine for the threshold.

ZAD-FUN-05 — Built-in timer

• Original: Interval/duration timer with output level, settable on the unit and on the remote, running without any external controller.
• Metric (INPUT): timer ranges and where they can be set. Target/threshold (INPUT): interval 1-600 s, duration 1-120 s, output 1-100 %, on unit and remote · Threshold: interval 10-300 s, duration 1-60 s, on the unit. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Firmware and UI description.
• Interpretation (verified when): Timer: interval 1-600 s, duration 1-120 s, output 1-100 %, settable on unit and remote (target); threshold interval 10-300 s, duration 1-60 s on the unit. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Firmware timer and menu; remote needs a timer key.

ZAD-FUN-06 — Low-fluid protection

• Original: Low fluid is detected and the pump stops before air enters the line; this is signalled on the unit (and on the remote/RDM if present); after refilling, fogging resumes without manual priming.
• Metric (INPUT): low-fluid detection and pump stop. Target/threshold (INPUT): pump stops before air enters the line; automatic recovery after refill · Threshold: pump stops within 10 s of the tank running empty; recovery after one prime cycle started from the unit. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Sensing method and placement (CAD), firmware behaviour, empty-tank test in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Low-fluid sensor placed so the pump stops before air enters the line; signalled on unit, remote and RDM; after refill fogging resumes without manual priming (target); threshold: pump stops within 10 s of the tank running empty, recovery after one prime cycle started from the unit. Verification: Inspection + Test.
• Design consequence: Level sensor (capacitive/float/optical) above the pick-up with defined reserve volume; pump stop in firmware plus heater independence from flow.

ZAD-FUN-07 — Controls and display on the unit

• Original: A display and buttons/encoder on the unit show state (warm-up progress, READY, faults with codes, low fluid), DMX address, output level and timer; all functions work without the remote; settings survive power-off.
• Metric (INPUT): on-unit UI completeness. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: yes. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — UI drawing (front/back panel) and firmware menu description.
• Interpretation (verified when): UI drawing and firmware menu show warm-up progress, READY, fault codes, low fluid, DMX address, output level, timer; every function usable without the remote; settings in non-volatile memory. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Display (segment or small graphic) plus encoder/buttons on a panel away from the outlet; EEPROM/flash settings.

ZAD-FUN-08 — Mounting and operating angle

• Original: Floor use with feet and an included hanging bracket with a safety-cable eyelet; the machine works without spitting or leaking when tilted up or down by at least this angle.
• Metric (INPUT): operating tilt range (nozzle up/down). Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 30 deg · Threshold: ≥ 15 deg. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — CAD of the bracket and of the fluid path at the tilt limits; tilted run in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Machine runs at 100 % tilted nozzle-up and nozzle-down by the angle, no spitting or leaking; included hanging bracket with safety-cable eyelet. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Pick-up and vent that work at +-30 deg, exchanger inlet/outlet orientation that does not let liquid run out of the nozzle when tilted down.

ZAD-UX-01 — Noise while fogging

• Original: A-weighted sound pressure at 1 m in front of the machine while fogging at the continuous rate.
• Metric (INPUT): sound pressure level LpA at 1 m while fogging. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 45 dB(A) · Threshold: ≤ 55 dB(A). Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Pump choice, mounting and outlet design reviewed; sound level measurement in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): LpA at 1 m in front of the outlet, 1.5 m height, fogging at the continuous rate, background <= 10 dB below (ASSUMPTION test condition). Verification: Test.
• Design consequence: Quiet pump (soft mounting, damped drive waveform), no fan or a slow fan; flow noise of the vapour jet is part of the reading.

ZAD-UX-02 — Noise when ready

• Original: Sound pressure at 1 m while READY and not fogging (no always-on fan noise).
• Metric (INPUT): sound pressure level LpA at 1 m while READY. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 30 dB(A) · Threshold: ≤ 40 dB(A). Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Cooling concept (passive or fan control) reviewed; measurement in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): LpA at 1 m while READY, not fogging. Verification: Test.
• Design consequence: Passive cooling or a fan that is off in READY; no audible transformer/relay chatter (burst-fire with SSR/triac, not a clicking relay).

ZAD-UX-03 — Refilling

• Original: The tank is refilled without tools while the machine is hot, without spilling, and its level is visible from 3 m (lit or translucent).
• Metric (INPUT): time to refill a full tank. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 30 s · Threshold: ≤ 60 s. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Tank, cap and access design in CAD.
• Interpretation (verified when): Time from opening to closing the cap of an empty tank refilled from a 1 L fluid bottle, machine hot, without tools and without spilling; level visible from 3 m. Verification: Demonstration.
• Design consequence: Large fill opening away from nozzle and live parts, translucent or lit level window.

ZAD-UX-04 — Mains connection

• Original: Appliance inlet (IEC C14 or equivalent) with a detachable cord of at least this length, a mains switch and a fuse.
• Metric (INPUT): detachable cord length. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 3 m · Threshold: ≥ 1.8 m. Weight 1 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic, judge — Inlet, cord and fuse in the BOM.
• Interpretation (verified when): Detachable cord length per variant in the BOM; IEC C14 (or equivalent) inlet, mains switch and fuse present. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: C14 inlet with fuse holder and switch module; 3 m cord sets per variant.

ZAD-UX-05 — First use without an app

• Original: From unboxing to fog needs only the warm-up time plus at most 3 minutes and a one-page quick start; no app, account or internet connection is needed for any function.
• Metric (INPUT): setup time beyond warm-up, with the quick-start card only. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 2 min · Threshold: ≤ 3 min. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Quick-start card and UI flow reviewed.
• Interpretation (verified when): Time beyond warm-up from unboxing to fog for a first-time user with the one-page quick start only; no app/account/internet for any function. Verification: Demonstration.
• Design consequence: Remote pre-paired at end-of-line, sensible defaults, quick-start card.

ZAD-SAF-01 — Single-fault safety

• Original: No single fault (sensor open or short, heater switch stuck on, control firmware hung, pump failure, empty tank, blocked outlet) leads to fire, flames, molten material, ejection of hot liquid or enclosure temperatures above the EN 60335-1 abnormal-operation limits.
• Metric (INPUT): fault analysis covering every single fault, with the protective measure for each. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes, with an FMEA and a fault-test list in the test plan · Threshold: yes. Weight 5 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — FMEA of the heater, pump and control circuits; abnormal-operation tests (EN 60335-1 clause 19) in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): FMEA covers every single fault named (sensor open/short, heater switch stuck on, firmware hung, pump failure, empty tank, blocked outlet) with a protection; abnormal-operation tests (EN 60335-1 cl. 19) in the test plan; outcome: no fire, flame, molten material, hot-liquid ejection, enclosure temperatures within the abnormal-operation limits. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Non-self-resetting thermal cut-out on the exchanger independent of firmware, second switching device, hardware watchdog, open fluid path (see DR-SAF-*).

ZAD-SAF-02 — Enclosure temperature

• Original: Temperature rise of accessible enclosure surfaces (nozzle guard excepted) in the EN 60335-1 heating test (1.15 × rated input, continuous output); carry handles stay within 30 K (metal) or 50 K (plastic).
• Metric (INPUT): maximum temperature rise of accessible enclosure surfaces above ambient. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 20 K · Threshold: ≤ 60 K. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, test-plan — Thermal estimate of the enclosure (insulation, gaps, ventilation); heating test with thermocouples.
• Interpretation (verified when): Temperature rise of accessible enclosure surfaces (nozzle guard excepted) in the heating test at 1.15 x rated input with continuous output; handles <= 30 K metal / 50 K plastic in addition. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Insulated exchanger, air gap and heat shield to the housing, handle on the cold end.

ZAD-SAF-03 — Hot outlet protection

• Original: The nozzle and any surface hotter than 70 °C cannot be touched with the IEC 61032 test probe B from outside; carry handle and controls are at least 150 mm from the outlet; hot surfaces are marked.
• Metric (INPUT): hot parts guarded against touch. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: yes. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, automatic — Front geometry in CAD (probe access check), marking in the label drawing.
• Interpretation (verified when): CAD probe-access check with IEC 61032 probe B: no surface > 70 degC reachable from outside; handle and controls >= 150 mm from outlet; hot-surface marking on the label drawing. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Recessed nozzle behind a guard, handle at the rear.

ZAD-SAF-04 — Stability

• Original: The machine does not overturn on an incline of this angle in any direction, with full and with empty tank.
• Metric (INPUT): incline angle without overturning. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 20 deg · Threshold: ≥ 15 deg. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, automatic — Centre of mass from CAD (full and empty) vs footprint.
• Interpretation (verified when): Tilt angle at which the centre of mass (CAD, full and empty tank) passes over the footprint edge, in the worst direction. Verification: Analysis.
• Design consequence: Low centre of mass, tank low, footprint wide relative to height.

ZAD-SAF-05 — Spill and transport leakage

• Original: No fluid reaches live or hot parts when the running machine is tilted 45°, or when the switched-off machine with a full, closed tank lies on any side for 10 minutes.
• Metric (INPUT): leakage in tilt and side-lying tests. Target/threshold (INPUT): no fluid leaves the closed product in any orientation · Threshold: no fluid reaches live or hot parts in any orientation. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Tank sealing, venting and drain paths in CAD; tilt and side-lying tests in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Running machine tilted 45 deg and switched-off machine with full closed tank lying on each side for 10 min: no fluid leaves the product (target) / no fluid reaches live or hot parts (threshold). Verification: Inspection + Test.
• Design consequence: Sealed cap, vent via labyrinth or duckbill valve, drip paths that route fluid away from electronics, electronics above or separated from the fluid path.

ZAD-SAF-06 — Electrical safety and leakage current

• Original: Class I construction with protective earth bonding (≤ 0.1 Ω) of all accessible metal and the heat exchanger; reinforced insulation between mains and DMX/remote/low-voltage circuits; earth leakage current at 1.06 × rated voltage at most this value.
• Metric (INPUT): earth leakage current at operating temperature. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 0.25 mA · Threshold: ≤ 0.5 mA. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Isolation barrier and earthing in schematic and CAD; hipot, earth continuity and leakage tests.
• Interpretation (verified when): Earth leakage current at operating temperature and 1.06 x rated voltage; PE bonding <= 0.1 ohm of accessible metal and exchanger; reinforced insulation between mains and DMX/remote/LV. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Heater with low hot leakage, small Y capacitors, isolated LV circuits.

ZAD-SAF-07 — Stop on loss of control

• Original: Output stops within this time when the DMX signal is lost (unless the user selected hold mode); continuous mode started from the remote has an auto-off; no fluid is pumped when the machine is not READY.
• Metric (INPUT): time from DMX signal loss to output stop. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 2 s · Threshold: ≤ 5 s. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Firmware state machine; signal-loss test in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Time from DMX signal removal (cable pulled) to pump stop, hold mode off; continuous remote mode has an auto-off; no pumping when not READY. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: DMX timeout in firmware state machine; pump enable interlocked with READY.

ZAD-SAF-08 — Safety information

• Original: Manual and markings meet the instruction and marking rules of the applicable safety and entertainment-industry standards and cover smoke detectors and fire alarms, ventilation, slippery residue, minimum distances to people and flammables, hot surfaces, approved fluids and exposure guidance.
• Metric (INPUT): required warnings present in manual and on labels. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: yes. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Manual safety section and label drawings reviewed against the list.
• Interpretation (verified when): Manual and labels contain every warning on the list (smoke detectors/fire alarms, ventilation, slippery residue, distances to people and flammables, hot surfaces, approved fluids, exposure guidance) and the marking rules of EN 60335-1 cl. 7 and ANSI E1.29 (ASSUMPTION clause). Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Label drawings and manual safety section written to a checklist.

ZAD-CRT-01 — EU conformity (CE)

• Original: A complete EU conformity plan for the product as designed (including its radio, if any) - every applicable EU directive and regulation and the harmonised standards with their current editions; for each, the design measure, the pre-compliance test, the lab test and its cost; a draft EU Declaration of Conformity and a technical-file outline.
• Metric (INPUT): completeness and correctness of the EU conformity plan. Target/threshold (INPUT): complete plan with costs and timeline, ready to send to a test lab · Threshold: all applicable directives and main standards identified with design measures. Weight 5 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, automatic — Compliance document reviewed; presence of the applicable directive and standard ids checked automatically.
• Interpretation (verified when): Compliance document lists every applicable EU act (RED 2014/53/EU incl. LVD and EMC objectives, RoHS, REACH, WEEE, GPSR, ecodesign standby where applicable) with harmonised standards and editions, design measure, pre-compliance test, lab test and cost; draft DoC; technical-file outline. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Pre-certified radio module, EN 60335-1 based construction, EMC-aware heater switching (zero-cross burst fire, flicker limits).

ZAD-CRT-02 — US and Canada conformity

• Original: A complete US and Canada plan - FCC authorisation for the electronics and for any radio, and a safety listing by a nationally recognised testing laboratory to the applicable product safety standard, with the tests, cost and timeline.
• Metric (INPUT): completeness and correctness of the US/Canada plan. Target/threshold (INPUT): complete plan incl. NRTL standard, test list, cost and timeline · Threshold: FCC route and NRTL standard identified with design measures. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, automatic — Compliance document reviewed; presence of the FCC rule parts and the NRTL standard checked.
• Interpretation (verified when): Plan names FCC Part 15 Subpart B (SDoC) and the radio rule part for the module, NRTL listing to ANSI E1.29 (UL 998 basis), Canada ICES-003/RSS, with test list, cost and timeline. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: US heater <= 1440 W, UL-recognised components (cut-out, inlet, cord, fuse), FCC-certified module.

ZAD-CRT-03 — Entertainment-industry standards

• Original: Conformance with the entertainment-industry (ESTA/ANSI) standards that apply to fog equipment, its control interfaces, its fluids and its manual is stated with the design measures.
• Metric (INPUT): ESTA/ANSI standards addressed. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: E1.11 and E1.5 addressed. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Compliance document reviewed.
• Interpretation (verified when): ESTA/ANSI standards addressed with design measures: at least E1.11 (DMX512-A) and E1.5 (fog fluids); target also E1.20 (RDM), E1.29 (fog generator safety), E1.27 (connectors - ASSUMPTION relevance). Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: DMX interface per E1.11, fluid compatibility per E1.5, manual per E1.29.

ZAD-CRT-04 — Truthful specification sheet

• Original: A one-page customer specification sheet in which every number is backed by a calculation in the design or by a test in the test plan, and is labelled; output in ml/min (volume figures only with their method); no feature or performance the design does not deliver.
• Metric (INPUT): claims on the spec sheet traceable to evidence. Target/threshold (INPUT): every claim traced to a calculation or a planned test · Threshold: every claim traced to a calculation or a planned test. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, automatic — Each spec-sheet number cross-checked against the calculations and the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Every number on the one-page spec sheet carries an origin label and traces to a calculation or a planned test; output in ml/min; no undelivered feature. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Spec sheet generated from the compliance table and key figures.

ZAD-CST-01 — Unit cost at 1,000 units

• Original: Manufacturing cost per unit at a 1,000-unit batch, EU variant, EXW - all parts, enclosure, assembly, end-of-line test, packaging and remote included; tooling, certification and other one-off costs excluded (see ZAD-CST-04).
• Metric (INPUT): unit cost at 1,000 units, excl. VAT. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 60 EUR · Threshold: ≤ 85 EUR. Weight 5 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic, judge — bom.csv quantities × unit prices at 1,000 must sum to the figure in cost.md; prices checked for realism.
• Interpretation (verified when): bom.csv quantity x unit price at 1000 plus enclosure, assembly, EOL test, packaging and remote; EU variant; EXW; excl. VAT, excl. one-off costs. Verification: Analysis.
• Design consequence: Commodity parts, injection-moulded housing, pre-certified low-cost radio module, no custom mains supply.

ZAD-CST-02 — Unit cost at 100 units

• Original: Manufacturing cost per unit at a 100-unit batch (same scope as ZAD-CST-01; low-volume processes allowed).
• Metric (INPUT): unit cost at 100 units, excl. VAT. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 110 EUR · Threshold: ≤ 160 EUR. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic, judge — bom.csv at 100 vs cost.md.
• Interpretation (verified when): Same scope at 100 units with low-volume processes allowed. Verification: Analysis.
• Design consequence: Housing must be makeable without hard tooling at 100 (vacuum-cast, printed or sheet metal).

ZAD-CST-03 — Prototype cost

• Original: Cost of parts and outside machining for ONE working prototype (engineering labour excluded).
• Metric (INPUT): cost of one prototype, excl. VAT. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 400 EUR · Threshold: ≤ 800 EUR. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic, judge — bom.csv at quantity 1 plus prototype processes in cost.md.
• Interpretation (verified when): Parts and outside machining for one working prototype, labour excluded. Verification: Analysis.
• Design consequence: Prototype from purchased exchanger/pump where possible, printed housing.

ZAD-CST-04 — One-off costs (tooling and certification)

• Original: Tooling (moulds, dies, fixtures), certification tests (EU and US) and other one-off costs needed before the first 1,000 units ship.
• Metric (INPUT): total one-off cost, excl. VAT. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 30000 EUR · Threshold: ≤ 60000 EUR. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Itemised one-off cost list in cost.md reviewed for completeness and realism.
• Interpretation (verified when): Itemised one-off costs before the first 1000 units ship: moulds, fixtures, EU and US certification, other one-offs. Verification: Analysis.
• Design consequence: Limit mould count (2-3 tools), pre-certified radio, EN 60335-1 + E1.29 testing in one lab campaign.

ZAD-CST-05 — Retail price and unit economics

• Original: Recommended retail price in the EU including VAT, with a unit-economics table (price, VAT, channel or platform fees, shipping, unit cost, gross margin) for direct sales and for dealer sales.
• Metric (INPUT): recommended retail price incl. VAT. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 229 EUR · Threshold: ≤ 299 EUR. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, judge — Unit-economics table re-computed; margin must be positive in both channels.
• Interpretation (verified when): Recommended EU retail price incl. VAT; unit-economics table for direct and dealer channels with positive gross margin in both. Verification: Analysis.
• Design consequence: Unit cost near the 60 EUR target is needed for a positive dealer margin at 229 EUR (calc stage).

ZAD-MFG-01 — Real, purchasable parts

• Original: Every BOM line has manufacturer, MPN, supplier, URL and unit prices at 1/100/1,000; purchased parts exist and are orderable; custom parts have a drawing, material, process and cost basis; critical parts (pump, heater/exchanger, thermal cut-out, temperature sensor, power supply, radio) have a second source or a stated single-source risk.
• Metric (INPUT): share of BOM lines with complete and valid sourcing data. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 100 % · Threshold: ≥ 95 %. Weight 4 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): automatic, judge — BOM checked line by line (fields present, part exists and is available); second sources reviewed.
• Interpretation (verified when): Share of BOM lines with manufacturer, MPN, supplier, URL and prices at 1/100/1000, real and orderable; custom parts with drawing, material, process and cost basis; second source or stated risk for critical parts. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Use catalogue parts with two distributors wherever possible.

ZAD-MFG-02 — Assembly and test time

• Original: Labour time per unit at 1,000 units, final assembly plus end-of-line test.
• Metric (INPUT): labour minutes per unit. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 20 min · Threshold: ≤ 35 min. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Assembly sequence with time estimates per step.
• Interpretation (verified when): Labour minutes per unit at 1000 units for final assembly plus end-of-line test, from an assembly sequence with step times. Verification: Analysis.
• Design consequence: Few fasteners, pre-tested PCB, snap/screw housing, automated EOL test fixture.

ZAD-MFG-03 — End-of-line test

• Original: Each unit is tested before packing - earth continuity, hipot, leakage, warm-up time, output calibration, fluid-path leak test and remote pairing - with pass limits and test time.
• Metric (INPUT): end-of-line test defined with limits. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: yes. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Production test plan reviewed.
• Interpretation (verified when): Production test plan: earth continuity, hipot, leakage, warm-up, output calibration, fluid-path leak, remote pairing, with limits and time. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: EOL fixture and firmware test mode.

ZAD-REL-01 — Service life of heater and pump

• Original: Fog operating hours before the heater/heat exchanger or the pump needs replacement, with approved fluids and the documented cleaning; supported by component ratings and an endurance test.
• Metric (INPUT): rated fog operating life. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 2000 h · Threshold: ≥ 1000 h. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Component ratings (pump duty cycle, heater surface load, cut-out cycles) reviewed; accelerated endurance test.
• Interpretation (verified when): Fog operating hours before the heater/exchanger or pump needs replacement with approved fluid and documented cleaning; component ratings plus accelerated endurance test. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Pump rated for continuous duty for >= 1000 h (or derated), heater surface load conservative, cut-out not cycling in normal use.

ZAD-REL-02 — Ambient temperature

• Original: Highest ambient temperature at which all performance requirements are met (lowest 5 °C); storage -20 to +60 °C.
• Metric (INPUT): maximum ambient for full performance. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 40 °C · Threshold: ≥ 35 °C. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): calculation, judge — Internal temperature budget of electronics and pump at that ambient.
• Interpretation (verified when): Highest ambient at which every performance requirement is met (lowest 5 degC); storage -20 to +60 degC. Verification: Analysis.
• Design consequence: Electronics and pump kept below their ratings with the exchanger in the same housing; temperature budget in calc.

ZAD-REL-03 — Cleaning interval

• Original: Fog operating hours between cleanings of the fluid path with approved fluids, without output loss above 10 %.
• Metric (INPUT): cleaning interval. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≥ 100 h · Threshold: ≥ 30 h. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Fluid-path design (filter, bore, temperatures) reviewed; endurance test with output check.
• Interpretation (verified when): Fog hours between cleanings without output loss above 10 %, with approved fluids. Verification: Analysis + Test.
• Design consequence: Inlet filter, adequate bore, set points below residue-forming temperatures.

ZAD-REL-04 — Shipping and storage

• Original: The packaged unit survives parcel shipping (ISTA 2A or 3A drop and vibration); a drained unit does not leak; a storage/purge procedure exists.
• Metric (INPUT): transport test and storage procedure defined. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: yes. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge, test-plan — Packaging design and transport test in the test plan.
• Interpretation (verified when): Packaged unit passes ISTA 2A or 3A (drop and vibration); drained unit does not leak; storage/purge procedure documented. Verification: Inspection + Test.
• Design consequence: Moulded pulp/foam packaging, purge mode, tank drain path.

ZAD-SRV-01 — Replacing wear parts

• Original: Pump, heat-exchanger module, thermal cut-out, nozzle, main PCB and inlet filter can each be replaced with standard tools within this time, with no glued or riveted joints on the way; a spare-parts list with prices exists.
• Metric (INPUT): longest replacement time of the listed parts. Target/threshold (INPUT): ≤ 15 min · Threshold: ≤ 30 min. Weight 3 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — CAD (access, fasteners) and service instructions reviewed.
• Interpretation (verified when): Longest replacement time with standard tools for pump, exchanger module, cut-out, nozzle, main PCB, inlet filter; no glued or riveted joints; spare-parts list with prices. Verification: Analysis + Demonstration.
• Design consequence: Screwed modules, connectors instead of soldered leads, exchanger as a module.

ZAD-SRV-02 — Cleaning procedure

• Original: A documented cleaning procedure with a firmware-guided cleaning/purge mode; the inlet filter is reachable without tools.
• Metric (INPUT): cleaning procedure and mode defined. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: yes. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Manual and firmware reviewed.
• Interpretation (verified when): Documented cleaning procedure, firmware cleaning/purge mode, inlet filter reachable without tools. Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: Firmware clean mode, filter at the tank pick-up behind the fill cap.

ZAD-SRV-03 — Diagnostics and firmware updates

• Original: Fault codes on the display (and remote/RDM if present), an operating-hours and fault log, and a firmware update path in the field (USB or DMX/RDM).
• Metric (INPUT): diagnostics and update path defined. Target/threshold (INPUT): yes · Threshold: fault codes on the display and a service update port. Weight 2 (INPUT priority). Checked by (INPUT): judge — Firmware documentation reviewed.
• Interpretation (verified when): Fault codes on display (and remote/RDM), hours and fault log, field update path (USB or DMX/RDM). Verification: Inspection.
• Design consequence: MCU with bootloader on USB or RS-485; log in non-volatile memory.

Derived requirements

Weights of derived requirements are ASSUMPTION (this stage), set from the parent INPUT priority. Priority = weight.

DR-PRF-01 — Vaporisation energy basis

• Parents: ZAD-PRF-02, ZAD-PRF-04, ZAD-PRF-07
• Statement: All output calculations use a stated energy per ml of fluid (heating to boiling plus latent heat of the water fraction and glycol fraction) for each fluid type; the continuous rate claim uses the most energy-demanding approved fluid.
• Metric: energy per ml
• Target: stated energy/ml per fluid type with source · Threshold: one stated value with ASSUMPTION label
• Verification: Analysis
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: no fluid thermophysical data read by this stage; order ~2.2-2.5 kJ/ml for water-rich fluids from water latent heat 2.26 kJ/g; high sensitivity (scales ZAD-PRF-02 directly)
• Priority: 5/5

DR-PRF-02 — Pump flow follows available heat

• Parents: ZAD-PRF-02, ZAD-PRF-03, ZAD-PRF-06
• Statement: Pump flow command is limited by a heat-availability controller using exchanger temperature so that exchanger temperature never falls below the minimum vaporisation temperature of the selected fluid.
• Metric: exchanger temperature minimum during 30 min at 100 %
• Target: T_exch >= T_min(fluid) + 10 K at all times · Threshold: T_exch >= T_min(fluid)
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: derived from ZAD-PRF-03 no-pause rule; method choice of this stage; medium sensitivity
• Priority: 5/5

DR-PRF-03 — Warm-up also at low line

• Parents: ZAD-PRF-01, ZAD-PWR-02
• Statement: Warm-up at 207 V (EU) and 108 V (US, -10 % ASSUMPTION) stays within the ZAD-PRF-01 threshold.
• Metric: time to READY at -10 % supply
• Target: <= 5 min · Threshold: <= 6.5 min
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: CALCULATION (hand): heater power scales with V^2, 0.81 x power -> warm-up x 1.23; 5 min x 1.23 = 6.2 min; threshold 6.5 min is ASSUMPTION (INPUT asks only that it be stated)
• Priority: 3/5

DR-UI-01 — Status readable at a distance

• Parents: ZAD-FUN-07, ZAD-FUN-04
• Statement: READY / heating / fault / low-fluid state visible on the machine from 5 m in a dark venue and in daylight indoors.
• Metric: readable distance
• Target: >= 5 m · Threshold: >= 5 m
• Verification: Demonstration
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-FUN-04 threshold (status visible on the machine from 5 m), read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 2/5

DR-UI-02 — Controls on the cold side

• Parents: ZAD-FUN-07, ZAD-SAF-03
• Statement: Display, buttons, DMX and mains connectors on the rear or side panel at >= 150 mm from the outlet.
• Metric: distance controls to outlet
• Target: >= 150 mm · Threshold: >= 150 mm
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-SAF-03 (150 mm), read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 3/5

DR-PWR-01 — Heater switching without flicker/harmonic failure

• Parents: ZAD-PWR-02, ZAD-CRT-01
• Statement: Heater switched by zero-cross burst firing (no phase-angle control) with a cycle period chosen so EN 61000-3-3 flicker and EN IEC 61000-3-2 harmonic limits are met at 230 V and the US variant meets FCC conducted limits.
• Metric: flicker Pst at rated heater power
• Target: <= 1.0 Pst · Threshold: <= 1.0 Pst
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: Pst limit 1.0 from prior knowledge of EN 61000-3-3, edition not read (work/research/regulatory.md); high sensitivity for heater control period
• Priority: 4/5

DR-PWR-02 — US variant input power

• Parents: ZAD-PWR-02, ZAD-PWR-01
• Statement: Rated input of the 120 V variant (heater + pump + electronics) stays within a continuous 12 A load on a 15 A circuit.
• Metric: rated input at 120 V
• Target: <= 1200 W · Threshold: <= 1440 W
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-PWR-02 (1440 W limit), read 2026-10-30; target 1200 W ASSUMPTION = EU threshold for equal performance
• Priority: 4/5

DR-PWR-03 — Heater idle auto-off

• Parents: ZAD-PWR-04
• Statement: User-configurable idle auto-off of the heater (off, 15-240 min) drops the unit to standby when no output has been commanded.
• Metric: auto-off range
• Target: off / 15-240 min selectable · Threshold: fixed 60 min auto-off
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: range chosen to cover 1-8 h events (brief); low sensitivity
• Priority: 1/5

DR-MECH-01 — Hanging bracket interface

• Parents: ZAD-FUN-08, ZAD-SAF-04
• Statement: Included bracket mounts to a standard truss clamp (M10/M12 hole, ASSUMPTION) and allows tilt of +-30 deg in steps; safety-cable eyelet on the body, not on the bracket.
• Metric: tilt adjustment range
• Target: >= 30 deg · Threshold: >= 15 deg
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-FUN-08 values, read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 2/5

DR-ENV-01 — Operating and storage environment

• Parents: ZAD-REL-02
• Statement: Operates 5-40 degC ambient, 20-85 % RH non-condensing, up to 2000 m altitude, indoor use only (IP20 enclosure, ASSUMPTION); stored -20 to +60 degC drained.
• Metric: operating ambient range
• Target: 5-40 degC, 85 % RH, 2000 m · Threshold: 5-35 degC
• Verification: Analysis
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: indoor stage/home use (brief); humidity and altitude are typical appliance values, low sensitivity
• Priority: 2/5

DR-ENV-02 — Transport and drop

• Parents: ZAD-REL-04
• Statement: Packaged unit survives ISTA 2A (or 3A for parcel) drop and vibration with no damage, no leakage of a drained unit.
• Metric: ISTA procedure passed
• Target: ISTA 3A · Threshold: ISTA 2A
• Verification: Test
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-REL-04 (ISTA 2A or 3A), read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 2/5

DR-SAF-01 — Independent thermal cut-out

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-01, regulation
• Statement: The heater circuit contains a non-self-resetting thermal cut-out mounted on the exchanger, acting without firmware, through a switching path independent of the regulating switch.
• Metric: presence; trip temperature margin above highest set point
• Target: >= 30 K · Threshold: >= 15 K
• Verification: Inspection + Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: margin of 30 K (15 K minimum) above highest regulated set point so normal use never trips it; must also be below the lowest material/fluid limit (not yet known, work/intake/hazards.md gap); EN 60335-1 cl. 19 basis, clause number ASSUMPTION
• Priority: 5/5

DR-SAF-02 — Abnormal operation passes

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-01
• Statement: With the regulating switch shorted, the temperature sensor open or short, the MCU halted, the pump failed, the tank empty or the outlet blocked, no fire, flame, molten material or hot-liquid ejection occurs.
• Metric: single faults passed
• Target: all single faults in FMEA pass · Threshold: all listed INPUT faults pass
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: EN 60335-1 cl. 19 abnormal operation (clause no. from prior knowledge, work/intake/hazards.md); high sensitivity
• Priority: 5/5

DR-SAF-03 — Enclosure and handle temperature rise

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-02, regulation
• Statement: Accessible enclosure rise at 1.15 x rated input: handles <= 30 K metal / 50 K plastic; other surfaces <= 20 K target and within EN 60335-1 Table 3.
• Metric: max temperature rise of accessible enclosure
• Target: <= 20 K · Threshold: <= 60 K
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-SAF-02, read 2026-10-30; IEC 60335-1 Table 3 values per work/intake/hazards.md S3
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SAF-04 — Hot parts not touchable

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-03
• Statement: No surface > 70 degC reachable with IEC 61032 probe B; handle and controls >= 150 mm from the outlet; hot-surface symbol at the nozzle.
• Metric: accessible surfaces above 70 degC
• Target: <= 0 count · Threshold: <= 0 count
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-SAF-03, read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SAF-05 — Pump interlocked with exchanger temperature

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-07, ZAD-PRF-07
• Statement: The pump cannot run unless the exchanger is at or above its minimum vaporisation temperature; enforced by a hardware enable (independent thermostat or comparator) in addition to firmware.
• Metric: pump current when exchanger below READY
• Target: <= 0 mA · Threshold: <= 0 mA
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: hardware enable chosen per POLICY 1.1 (protection independent of firmware) for hazard H06; medium sensitivity (one thermostat + transistor)
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SAF-06 — Hardware watchdog

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-07, ZAD-SAF-01
• Statement: An external watchdog (or charge-pump drive) removes pump and heater drive when the MCU stops toggling.
• Metric: time from MCU hang to drive removal
• Target: <= 1 s · Threshold: <= 2 s
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: 1 s (work/intake/hazards.md H17) so the stop is faster than the DMX-loss limit; low sensitivity
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SAF-07 — Earthing and isolation

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-06, regulation
• Statement: Class I: PE bond of exchanger and accessible metal <= 0.1 ohm; reinforced insulation between mains and all DMX/USB/radio/LV circuits; electric strength test at the reinforced-insulation level.
• Metric: PE bond resistance
• Target: <= 0.1 ohm · Threshold: <= 0.1 ohm
• Verification: Test
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-SAF-06 (0.1 ohm), read 2026-10-30; hipot level (~3 kV AC for reinforced at 230 V) is ASSUMPTION pending EN 60335-1 cl. 16
• Priority: 5/5

DR-SAF-08 — No fluid on live or hot parts

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-05
• Statement: No fluid reaches live or hot parts when running at 45 deg tilt or lying on any side for 10 min with a full closed tank; fluid path below or separated from live parts.
• Metric: wetted live parts
• Target: <= 0 count · Threshold: <= 0 count
• Verification: Inspection + Test
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-SAF-05, read 2026-10-30; EN 60335-1 cl. 15 basis (ASSUMPTION clause)
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SAF-09 — Pressure-limited open fluid path

• Parents: ZAD-PWR-02
• Statement: Pump dead-head pressure is at most one third of the burst pressure of exchanger, hoses and fittings; no closed volume in the hot path when the pump stops.
• Metric: burst pressure / pump dead-head pressure
• Target: >= 3 ratio · Threshold: >= 3 ratio
• Verification: Analysis
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: factor 3 from work/intake/hazards.md (H07), not a standard value; medium sensitivity
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SAF-10 — Flame-retardant polymers near heat and live parts

• Parents: regulation
• Statement: Polymers within 3 mm of live or heated parts meet UL 94 V-0 or the EN 60335-1 cl. 30 glow-wire levels.
• Metric: material flammability rating
• Target: UL 94 V-0 / GWFI 850 degC · Threshold: UL 94 V-1 / glow-wire per cl. 30
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: levels from work/intake/hazards.md (H10), to be confirmed against EN 60335-1 cl. 30; medium sensitivity (material cost)
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SAF-11 — Bracket load factor

• Parents: ZAD-FUN-08
• Statement: Bracket and eyelet carry the machine with full tank at a static load factor; safety-cable eyelet provided.
• Metric: static load factor vs full mass
• Target: >= 10 x · Threshold: >= 10 x
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: 10x static from rigging practice (work/intake/hazards.md H18), no standard read; low cost sensitivity
• Priority: 3/5

DR-SAF-12 — Safety information complete

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-08, ZAD-CRT-03
• Statement: Manual, quick start and labels cover smoke detectors/fire alarms, ventilation, slippery residue, distances to people and flammables, hot surfaces, approved fluids (ANSI E1.5), exposure and asthma warning, rigging with safety cable, water-based fluid only.
• Metric: checklist coverage
• Target: >= 100 % · Threshold: >= 100 %
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-SAF-08 list, read 2026-10-30; extra items from work/intake/hazards.md
• Priority: 3/5

DR-SAF-13 — US evaluation to ANSI E1.29

• Parents: ZAD-CRT-02, ZAD-CRT-03
• Statement: US/Canada variant is designed for evaluation by an NRTL to ANSI E1.29 (UL 998 basis) in addition to FCC Part 15.
• Metric: standard addressed in plan
• Target: E1.29 test list and cost · Threshold: E1.29 named
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php (via work/research/regulatory.md U3), read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SAF-14 — Radio fail-safe

• Parents: ZAD-FUN-03, ZAD-SAF-07
• Statement: Remote continuous mode auto-offs; loss of radio link while momentary fog is held stops output; unpaired or replayed frames are ignored (unique ID plus rolling counter).
• Metric: time from link loss to stop in momentary mode
• Target: <= 2 s · Threshold: <= 5 s
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: same limits as ZAD-SAF-07 DMX loss for consistency; low sensitivity
• Priority: 3/5

DR-SAF-15 — Remote battery safety

• Parents: ZAD-REL-04, regulation
• Statement: Remote uses AA/AAA cells, or a coin cell behind a screw-secured door with the coin-cell warning.
• Metric: battery access
• Target: AAA cells · Threshold: coin cell behind screwed door
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: foreseeable home use with children (work/intake/hazards.md H24); low sensitivity
• Priority: 3/5

DR-EMC-01 — Conducted and radiated emissions

• Parents: ZAD-CRT-01, ZAD-CRT-02
• Statement: Unit meets EN IEC 55014-1 and FCC Part 15 Class B emission limits with margin at pre-compliance.
• Metric: margin to limit at pre-compliance
• Target: >= 6 dB · Threshold: >= 3 dB
• Verification: Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: 6 dB target / 3 dB minimum pre-compliance margin is common practice (not a standard value); standards per work/research/regulatory.md
• Priority: 4/5

DR-EMC-02 — Immunity

• Parents: ZAD-CRT-01
• Statement: Unit meets EN IEC 55014-2 immunity (ESD on XLR shells and panel, surge, burst) with no unsafe state and no uncommanded fog.
• Metric: unsafe states under immunity tests
• Target: <= 0 count · Threshold: <= 0 count
• Verification: Test
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE (search summary): EN IEC 55014-2:2021 per work/research/regulatory.md, read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 4/5

DR-RAD-01 — Pre-certified radio module

• Parents: ZAD-FUN-03, ZAD-CRT-01, ZAD-CRT-02
• Statement: Remote and machine radios are pre-certified modules (CE/RED test reports, FCC ID, IC ID) used within their grant conditions; no internet connectivity so RED 3.3 cybersecurity is out of scope.
• Metric: radio modules with FCC ID and RED reports
• Target: module with FCC/IC ID and RED reports in both units · Threshold: module with FCC ID in both units
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: method/POLICY.md section 4 (pre-certified modules only); RED 3.3 scope ASSUMPTION per work/research/regulatory.md E3
• Priority: 4/5

DR-MAT-01 — Restricted substances and wetted materials

• Parents: ZAD-CRT-01, ZAD-PRF-08
• Statement: All materials RoHS (EU 2011/65 + 2015/863) and REACH SVHC compliant; wetted materials compatible with glycol/water at operating temperature; no PVC cord with DEHP (Prop 65).
• Metric: non-compliant homogeneous materials
• Target: <= 0 count · Threshold: <= 0 count
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: work/research/regulatory.md E4/E8/U5 (RoHS/REACH scope ASSUMPTION there), read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 4/5

DR-REL-01 — Pump duty rating

• Parents: ZAD-REL-01
• Statement: Pump rated for continuous duty at the continuous rate and the maximum exchanger back-pressure for >= 2000 h (>= 1000 h minimum), from datasheet or derating.
• Metric: pump rated life at duty point
• Target: >= 2000 h · Threshold: >= 1000 h
• Verification: Analysis + Test
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: INPUT ZAD-REL-01 values, read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 3/5

DR-REL-02 — Cut-out not cycling in normal use

• Parents: ZAD-REL-01, ZAD-SAF-01
• Statement: The thermal cut-out never operates in normal use incl. warm-up at 253 V and READY hold at 40 degC ambient.
• Metric: cut-out operations in normal-use tests
• Target: <= 0 count · Threshold: <= 0 count
• Verification: Test
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: a non-self-resetting cut-out must not trip in normal use (otherwise nuisance returns); low sensitivity
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SRV-01 — Tool-free filter, screwed modules

• Parents: ZAD-SRV-01, ZAD-SRV-02
• Statement: Inlet filter removable without tools; wear modules held by screws of at most two types (metric) and connected by connectors.
• Metric: fastener types
• Target: <= 2 types · Threshold: <= 3 types
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: method/POLICY.md section 4 (at most two fastener types), read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 2/5

DR-MFG-01 — Process per batch size

• Parents: ZAD-CST-01, ZAD-CST-02, manufacturing
• Statement: 1 unit: 3D-printed/CNC housing; 100 units: vacuum-cast or sheet-metal housing without hard tooling; 1000 units: injection-moulded housing (V-0 PC/ABS or PA, ASSUMPTION) and stamped/bent sheet metal, tooling listed separately.
• Metric: processes defined per batch
• Target: process and cost per batch for every custom part · Threshold: process per batch named
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: SOURCE: method/POLICY.md section 4 (prototype and 1000-unit processes), read 2026-10-30
• Priority: 3/5

DR-TST-01 — End-of-line test time

• Parents: ZAD-MFG-03, ZAD-MFG-02
• Statement: EOL test (earth continuity, hipot, leakage, warm-up, output calibration, leak test, pairing) runs within the time budget per unit using a fixture; warm-up can overlap with other units.
• Metric: operator time for EOL test
• Target: <= 8 min · Threshold: <= 12 min
• Verification: Analysis
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: share of ZAD-MFG-02 (20 / 35 min) left after ~12-23 min assembly; medium sensitivity
• Priority: 3/5

DR-PKG-01 — Packaging

• Parents: ZAD-REL-04, ZAD-CST-01
• Statement: Retail box with recyclable moulded-pulp or cardboard inserts holding unit, remote, cord, bracket and quick start; fits parcel limits.
• Metric: packed volume
• Target: <= 25 L · Threshold: <= 35 L
• Verification: Analysis
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: ~2x product envelope (ZAD-SIZ-01) for protection; low sensitivity
• Priority: 2/5

DR-LBL-01 — Markings

• Parents: ZAD-SAF-08, ZAD-CRT-01, ZAD-CRT-02
• Statement: Rating label per variant (voltage, frequency, power, Class I, manufacturer, model, CE, FCC SDoC/ID text, WEEE bin, NRTL mark when listed), hot-surface symbol at the nozzle, 'water-based fog fluid only' at the fill cap.
• Metric: required markings present
• Target: >= 100 % · Threshold: >= 100 %
• Verification: Inspection
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: marking list from prior knowledge of EN 60335-1 cl. 7 and FCC labelling, not read in this stage; medium sensitivity
• Priority: 3/5

DR-CST-01 — Dealer margin positive

• Parents: ZAD-CST-05, ZAD-CST-01
• Statement: At the recommended retail price the dealer channel leaves a positive gross margin to the maker after VAT, dealer discount and shipping.
• Metric: maker gross margin in dealer channel
• Target: >= 30 % · Threshold: >= 0 %
• Verification: Analysis
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: 30 % target margin for a hardware start-up; threshold 0 % from INPUT ZAD-CST-05 (margin positive); medium sensitivity
• Priority: 4/5

DR-SCH-01 — Prototype schedule

• Parents: brief
• Statement: First working prototype (A-sample) within 10 weeks of concept freeze; pre-compliance at 16 weeks; certification complete before shipping the 1000-unit batch.
• Metric: weeks to first working prototype
• Target: <= 10 weeks · Threshold: <= 16 weeks
• Verification: Analysis
• Rationale / origin: ASSUMPTION: typical small-team hardware schedule for a Kickstarter launch (brief); low design sensitivity
• Priority: 2/5

Areas walked (handbook §2)

• Function and performance under all operating conditions: ZAD-PRF-*, DR-PRF-01..03 (energy basis, heat-following flow, low-line warm-up).
• User interface and ergonomics: ZAD-FUN-07, ZAD-UX-*, DR-UI-01..02.
• Power source and consumption incl. standby: ZAD-PWR-*, DR-PWR-01..03. External SELV supply (POLICY §4) cannot carry ~1 kW heater: heater is mains-direct, LV electronics on a certified internal module or certified low-power external supply (concept decision).
• Mechanical interfaces and mounting: ZAD-FUN-08, DR-MECH-01, DR-SAF-11.
• Environment (temperature, humidity, dust/water, altitude, transport, storage): DR-ENV-01..02, ZAD-REL-02, ZAD-REL-04. Dust/water: indoor product, IP20 (ASSUMPTION); fog itself is condensing aerosol, covered by DR-SAF-08.
• Safety: electric shock: DR-SAF-07, ZAD-SAF-06.
• Safety: heat, burns, fire: DR-SAF-01..04, DR-SAF-10, DR-REL-02.
• Safety: mechanical hazards: DR-SAF-09 (pressure), DR-SAF-11 (falling from truss), ZAD-SAF-04 (tip-over). Only moving part is the pump; no other mechanical hazard.
• Safety: chemical: DR-MAT-01, DR-SAF-12 (fluid exposure info), ZAD-PRF-08 set-point windows against decomposition (hazard H12, decomposition temperatures still unknown).
• Safety: optical and other radiation: Does not apply beyond EMF: no laser or high-power LEDs (status LEDs only); EN 62233 EMF assessment covered under ZAD-CRT-01.
• Safety: noise: ZAD-UX-01/02 (<= 55 dB(A)) is far below hearing-damage levels; no separate requirement.
• Safety: foreseeable misuse: DR-SAF-05, DR-SAF-06, DR-SAF-14, DR-SAF-15, DR-SAF-12 (wrong fluid, unattended fogging, hot refill, children).
• EMC and radio: DR-EMC-01..02, DR-RAD-01, DR-PWR-01.
• Materials and restricted substances: DR-MAT-01, DR-SAF-10.
• Lifetime, duty cycle, reliability: ZAD-REL-01/03, DR-REL-01..02.
• Maintenance, cleaning, consumables, repair: ZAD-SRV-*, DR-SRV-01. Consumable = fog fluid (ANSI E1.5, third party).
• Manufacturing process at 1, 100, 1000 units: DR-MFG-01, ZAD-CST-01..03.
• Assembly and test in production: ZAD-MFG-02/03, DR-TST-01.
• Packaging, shipping, drop: DR-PKG-01, DR-ENV-02.
• Labelling, manuals, markings: DR-LBL-01, DR-SAF-12.
• Unit cost and retail price: ZAD-CST-*, DR-CST-01.
• Prototype schedule: DR-SCH-01.

Conflicts and decisions

Resolved by method/POLICY.md §1 order: safety > legality > thresholds by weight > unit cost > targets by weight > size/mass.

• ZAD-PRF-02 (continuous >= 22 ml/min, w5) vs ZAD-PWR-02 (<= 1000 W, w4) — At ~2.3 kJ/ml (ASSUMPTION) 22 ml/min needs ~0.84 kW net plus READY losses (<= 80 W): CALCULATION (hand) ~0.92 kW, i.e. the target fits 1000 W only with losses near the ZAD-PWR-03 target. Decision: thresholds first — 15 ml/min needs ~0.58 kW net; design heater up to the 1200 W PWR threshold only if needed for PRF-02 target, since PRF-02 has the higher weight but PWR-02 target is also weighted; the scorer resolves. Insulation is the shared lever.
• ZAD-PRF-01 (fast warm-up, w4) vs ZAD-PRF-04 (stored heat for the 30 s burst, w3) — More exchanger mass helps the burst but slows warm-up. Decision: warm-up threshold first (higher weight); burst threshold (12 ml) is met mostly by heater energy in 30 s; burst target only from the stored heat left after a <= 3 min warm-up.
• ZAD-PRF-03 (no pause, w5) vs ZAD-PRF-07 (no spitting, w5) — Not pausing tempts pumping into a cooling exchanger, which causes spitting. Decision: DR-PRF-02 — pump follows available heat with a temperature floor; smooth derating is permitted by ZAD-PRF-03, so both are met; DR-SAF-05 hardware floor makes spitting from a cold exchanger impossible.
• ZAD-SIZ-01/ZAD-WGT-01 (compact, light) vs ZAD-PRF-09 (>= 1.2 L tank) and ZAD-SAF-02 (cool enclosure) — Tank and insulation consume volume. Decision: size/mass rank last (POLICY §1.6); tank and insulation take priority within the 16 L threshold.
• ZAD-FUN-04 target (two-way remote, w2) vs ZAD-CRT-02 / ZAD-CST-01 (FCC route, cost) — Two-way status rules out a simple 15.231 one-way 433 MHz remote (work/research/regulatory.md U2). Decision: pre-certified transceiver module (DR-RAD-01); if cost forces one-way, FUN-04 falls to threshold (w2) rather than raising cost (w5).
• ZAD-PWR-04 (standby <= 0.5 W, w1) vs ZAD-FUN-03/FUN-01 (receiver and DMX listening) — Always-on receiver costs standby power. Decision: threshold 2 W accepted if the 0.5 W target is not reachable; low weight.
• ZAD-UX-02 (quiet READY, w2) vs ZAD-REL-02 (40 degC ambient, w2) and ZAD-SAF-02 — A fan helps cooling but makes noise. Decision: passive cooling of electronics with fan off in READY; fan only above an internal temperature limit.
• ZAD-CST-01 (<= 60 EUR, w5) vs safety redundancy (DR-SAF-01/05/06) — Safety first (POLICY §1.1): cut-out, second switching device, hardware pump enable and watchdog stay even if cost rises; they cost a few EUR (ASSUMPTION).
• ZAD-PWR-01 (one design, two voltages) vs ZAD-PRF-01/02 at 120 V — US heater can be up to 1440 W (DR-PWR-02) so US performance can equal EU; heater differs per variant.

Assumptions register

Benchmark — comparable fog machines (scout "benchmark", concept tier)

Date read for every SOURCE below: 2026-10-30. Read method: "page" = the product/shop page itself was fetched and read; "search extract" = the figure was taken from the search-engine extract of the named retailer pages (the page itself was not opened; treat as SOURCE of lower confidence, re-check before quoting in public text). Pages that failed: thomann.de Antari Z-1000 II page (HTTP 429), bhphotovideo.com Hurricane 1000 page (HTTP 403); replaced by the other retailer sources named in the rows.

Derived columns are CALCULATION (inline Python one-liner run 2026-10-30 04:48 CET, reproduced in the note under the table): bounding-box volume = L × W × H; "W per ml/min" = rated heater/input power ÷ maker's fluid consumption at 100 %. Physical reference (ASSUMPTION, fluid treated as water: latent heat 2257 J/g + sensible heat 80 K × 4.18 J/(g·K), 1 ml ≈ 1 g): fully vaporising 1 ml/min needs ≈ 43 W of NET heat. A ratio well below ≈ 43 W per ml/min means the stated rate can only be a stored-heat burst (or the fog is not fully vaporised); a ratio at or above it is compatible with continuous output if losses are small.

1. Product table

Note on the CALCULATION columns: volumes = L×W×H/10⁶ (e.g. H1000 301×225×208 mm = 14.09 L); ratios = power ÷ rate (e.g. H1000 805 W ÷ 20 ml/min = 40.2 W per ml/min; Cameo 1500/17 = 88). Inline python3 -c run, 2026-10-30.

Observation (CALCULATION from the table): the machines that claim 50–85 ml/min (Z-1000 II, Z-1200 III) have 14–19 W per ml/min, i.e. 2–3× less than the ≈ 43 W per ml/min a fully vaporised water-based fluid needs; their "100 %" rate is therefore a stored-heat burst and cannot be continuous. Machines quoting 20–30 ml/min at 800–1,500 W (H1000, 1800 Flex, N-150 MK2) sit at 40–50 W per ml/min, consistent with near-continuous output. This supports ZAD-PRF-02 (≥ 22 ml/min continuous) being only just reachable at ZAD-PWR-02 ≤ 1,000 W (≈ 1,000 W ÷ 43 W per ml/min ≈ 23 ml/min with zero losses) — the physics scout should confirm with real fluid data.

2. Weak points from reviews, forums and manuals

1. Reheat pauses (ZAD-PRF-03). Cheap machines use a snap-disc thermostat that switches the heater on and short-circuits the pump when the block is cold, so heater and pump never run together; continuous or repeated bursts cool the block and the pump is locked out until it reheats. Forum users bypass the thermostat (unsafe) or run two machines on one timer. A ControlBooth user reports Antari machines stopping after ≈ 40–60 s to reheat and dialling a 1,000 W Antari down to ≈ 60 % for continuous fog. https://www.halloweenforum.com/threads/bypass-fog-machine-reheat.46893/ , https://www.controlbooth.com/threads/3000w-fog-machine.29467/ (search extract, 2026-10-30). Stairville AF-40 spec itself states 30 s output then 50–60 s reheat (row 7). A Hurricane 700 reviewer: fog "for about a minute before needing to reheat" (search extract, https://www.dognotebook.com/best-fog-machines/).
2. Spitting (ZAD-PRF-07). Hurricane 1301 owner: after a while the unit "starts to spray fluid" as the heater cools and vaporisation drops; other causes named: clogged exchanger, worn roller-pump tube giving inconsistent flow. https://www.controlbooth.com/threads/fog-machine-spitting-fluid.46766/ (search extract). The Hurricane 1000 manual lists "no output or spitting fluid" with causes air in line, wrong fluid, blocked pipes. https://www.manualslib.com/manual/971535/Chauvet-Hurricane-1000.html?page=11 (search extract).
3. Clogging (ZAD-REL-03, ZAD-SRV-02). Fluid residue crystallises in the heater core after shut-down; users flush with 50/50 distilled water and vinegar. Antari's removable UNICORE core (rows 4, 5) is the maker's answer. ControlBooth threads (above) and https://www.controlbooth.com/threads/what-might-cause-this-fog-machine-behavior.47816/ (search extract).
4. Early failure / pump (ZAD-REL-01). New Hurricane 1000 whose pump failed on arrival (only "rattling"); roundup lists "reliability issues after months", "wired remote feels low quality", "no output control without equipment". https://clintpatterson.com/is-your-chauvet-fog-machine-not-working-on-arrival , https://www.dognotebook.com/best-fog-machines/ (search extract). Heater-block failures are fixed by replacing block + thermal switch as a set (ControlBooth, above) — supports ZAD-SRV-01 modular exchanger.
5. Weak remotes (ZAD-FUN-03/-04). Eurolite N-150 MK2 wireless: "up to 5 m line of sight", one transmitter triggers all machines in range (row 6, page). No benchmarked machine offers a paired two-way remote.
6. Warm-up vs output trade-off (ZAD-PRF-01). Large exchangers that give high bursts warm up slowly (Z-1200 III ≈ 11 min, Z-1000 II 5.5–8 min); fast warm-up (2 min) comes with modest 20–30 ml/min.

3. Realistic target values (derived from the table)

4. Feasible differentiator

"Compact 1 L / ≤ 3 kg machine that never stops to reheat and never spits, with a paired long-range remote and full DMX, at about EUR 229." Why feasible: (a) the reheat pause is a control choice (thermostat interlock, weakness 1), not physics — a temperature-feedback controller that runs heater and a metered pump together and derates the pump rate to the available heat (ZAD-PRF-03) needs only a temperature sensor, a triac and a controllable pump, parts every DMX machine already carries; (b) spitting follows from vaporising below temperature (weakness 2), which the same control prevents by limiting flow to the measured heat; (c) the remote range gap (5 m vs ≥ 30 m) is closed by an off-the-shelf sub-GHz or 2.4 GHz module with a unique pairing ID; (d) fluid-type setting and display addressing are firmware. What is NOT a credible differentiator: higher peak/continuous output than the 1,000–1,500 W machines — at ≤ 1,000 W the physics caps continuous output near 20–23 ml/min, so the spec sheet must claim continuity and stability, not volume (ZAD-CRT-04).

Gaps

• Hurricane 1800 Flex price not shown on the maker page; not looked up elsewhere.
• Stairville AF-40 mass and dimensions not read; Thomann page itself returned 429 for another product and AF-40 values come from search extracts only.
• Most rows (all marked "search extract") were not read on the page itself; conflicting listings are shown as ranges. Re-read before any public use.
• No teardown found that measures heater-block mass, real continuous rate or warm-up; maker ml/min figures are unverified claims (no common test method).
• No RDM-capable compact machine confirmed (one UK dealer claims RDM on Z-1200 III; Antari's own page does not mention it).
• No open-source complete fog machine (heater + pump + control) found; only retrofit DMX controllers.
• Noise levels (ZAD-UX-01/-02) and wireless frequencies of Chauvet/Antari remotes not found.

Physics map — compact mains fog machine (concept tier)

Scout "physics", 2026-10-30. All hand calculations below are order-of-magnitude checks (CALCULATION, formula shown inline, arithmetic run once with ddpy -c); material properties are textbook values labelled ASSUMPTION because no datasheet was read in this stage. No web source was used in this file.

Domain ratings

CRITICAL 1 — Heat

Governing relations

• Energy to vaporise fluid: e = x_w·(c_w·ΔT_l + h_fg,w + c_v·ΔT_v) + (1−x_w)·(c_g·ΔT_g + h_fg,g + c_gv·ΔT_gv). With water c = 4.19 J/gK, h_fg = 2257 J/g, vapour c ≈ 2.0 J/gK to 300 °C; glycol c ≈ 2.5 J/gK, boiling ≈ 190 °C, h_fg ≈ 880 J/g (ASSUMPTION: textbook values for water and propylene glycol; fluid recipes are not published): x_w = 0.6 / 0.7 / 0.8 → 2.48 / 2.64 / 2.80 kJ/ml (density 1.04 g/ml, ASSUMPTION). Design value e = 2.64 kJ/ml, range 2.5–2.8 kJ/ml (CALCULATION). Sensitivity: continuous rate scales with 1/e (±6 %).
• Continuous rate: q = (P_heater − P_loss)·60 / e.
• Warm-up: t = m·c·ΔT / (P_heater − P_loss). Peak burst: V_30 = (m·c·ΔT_droop + (P − P_loss)·30 s) / e.
• Hold losses: P_loss ≈ k·A·ΔT / s (insulation) + nozzle and mount conduction.

Order of magnitude (CALCULATION, P_loss = 60 W ASSUMPTION from the hold estimate below)

So the 22 ml/min target needs ≈ 1030–1100 W at 230 V: ZAD-PRF-02 target and ZAD-PWR-02 target (≤ 1000 W) conflict; the threshold pair (≥ 15 ml/min, ≤ 1200 W) is comfortably feasible, even at 207 V.

• Warm-up with an aluminium storage block of 0.63 kg, c = 0.90 J/gK, 20 → 300 °C, 940 W net: 0.63·900·280/940 = 167 s ≈ 2.8 min (CALCULATION) → ZAD-PRF-01 target ≤ 3 min met; at 207 V ≈ 210 s.
• Peak from READY with that block and 60 K allowed droop: (0.63·900·60 + 940·30)/2640 = 23.6 ml in 30 s (CALCULATION): threshold 12 ml met, target 25 ml needs ≈ 0.7 kg Al or 70 K droop, which costs warm-up time. Warm-up and peak trade directly against each other through m·c; this is the central thermal trade.
• Low-mass flow heater (thick-film on ~150 g stainless tube, c ≈ 0.5 J/gK, 60 K droop, 1100 W): (150·0.5·60 + 1040·30)/2640 = 14 ml in 30 s (CALCULATION): threshold met with little margin, warm-up < 1 min.
• Hold loss: block + insulation outer area ≈ 0.03 m², mineral wool k ≈ 0.04 W/mK (ASSUMPTION), 15 mm, ΔT 280 K: 0.04·0.03·280/0.015 = 22 W, plus nozzle/mount conduction ≈ 20–40 W (ASSUMPTION) → 40–60 W, under the 80 W target of ZAD-PWR-03.
• Heat-transfer area for boiling inside the channel: q″ ≈ 100 kW/m² before dry-out/instability (ASSUMPTION, typical flow-boiling range 50–200 kW/m²); 940 W / 100 kW/m² ≈ 94 cm² → ≈ 1 m of 3 mm bore channel (CALCULATION). A short channel gives incomplete evaporation, which is the physical cause of spitting.

Dominant parameters: heater power and supply voltage (P ∝ V²), e of the fluid, block m·c, allowed temperature droop, insulation thickness, channel length/bore.

Typical failure modes: reheat pauses when pump rate exceeds heat input (bang-bang budget machines); spitting when the block drops below the complete-evaporation temperature; heater element burnout from high surface load or poor contact with the block; enclosure hot spots near the nozzle (ZAD-SAF-02 ≤ 60 K); glycol cracking/odour and carbon deposits if the block overshoots (ZAD-REL-03).

CRITICAL 2 — Fluids and aerosols

Governing relations: metered volume per pump stroke/step × frequency = q; pressure needed to push fluid through the boiling channel and nozzle; fog forms when hot vapour mixes with cool air and the glycol condenses into sub-micron droplets (supersaturation), so the vapour must leave fully evaporated.

Order of magnitude

• 22 ml/min = 0.37 ml/s; 2 ml/min = 0.033 ml/s → turn-down ≥ 11:1 (CALCULATION). A vibratory solenoid pump delivers ≈ 0.05–0.2 ml per stroke at 50 Hz (ASSUMPTION, typical small vibratory pumps): low output needs burst/pulse metering (puffs — ZAD-PRF-05 gap ≤ 2 s); a peristaltic/stepper pump meters continuously.
• Back-pressure ≈ 1–5 bar during boiling bursts (ASSUMPTION); a pump with a stiff pressure–flow curve keeps ZAD-PRF-06 (≤ 15 %) independent of supply voltage; a vibratory pump's flow varies with mains voltage (stroke amplitude ∝ V), so it needs compensation.
• Tilt ±15–30° (ZAD-FUN-08): pick-up must stay submerged; with a 1.2 L tank of 150 mm length, a 30° tilt moves the free surface ≈ 150·tan30° = 87 mm end to end (CALCULATION) → pick-up at the tank centre-bottom or a weighted swing pick-up.
• Low fluid (ZAD-FUN-06): detect before air reaches the pump; air in the boiling channel causes a vapour burst and spitting afterwards.

Failure modes: spitting (incomplete evaporation, air slugs, dripping of condensate from the nozzle after switch-off — ZAD-PRF-07 includes 10 min after off), residue clogging of the channel and nozzle, pump loss of prime, leaks at the hot fitting, fluid reaching live parts in tilt (ZAD-SAF-05).

CRITICAL 3 — Electrical power

Governing relations: I = P/V; R_hot = V²/P; earth leakage of mineral-insulated heaters rises with temperature; voltage change from switching ΔU ≈ I·|Z_ref|; independent thermal cut-out in series with the element.

Order of magnitude

• EU 1000 W: 4.3 A, R = 52.9 Ω; US 1000 W: 8.3 A, R = 14.4 Ω (CALCULATION) → two heater variants (ZAD-PWR-01).
• Switching 4.3 A against a reference impedance of ≈ 0.47 Ω (ASSUMPTION, typical reference-network value; to be confirmed in the regulatory scout's file) → ΔU ≈ 2 V ≈ 0.9 % of 230 V (CALCULATION): acceptable only if burst-fire cycles are slow (seconds), otherwise flicker is the risk.
• Leakage: mineral-insulated elements typically show ≈ 0.1–1 mA per kW when hot (ASSUMPTION); the requirement ZAD-SAF-06 asks ≤ 0.5 mA (threshold), ≤ 0.25 mA (target) → leakage is a real design risk for sheathed elements; an induction-heated tube has no mineral insulation in the mains path.
• Standby ≤ 2 W (threshold) requires a low-load AC-DC converter and a radio in duty-cycled receive.

Failure modes: triac failing short (heater stuck on) — must be caught by a firmware-independent thermal cut-out and a non-resettable thermal fuse (ZAD-SAF-01); leakage drift with moisture ingress into MgO; earth-bonding of the block; flicker/harmonics from phase control.

CRITICAL 4 — Electronics and control

Governing relations: closed loop on block temperature; feed-forward pump command q_max(t) = (P_avail − P_loss

• m·c·dT/dt_allowed)/e, so the pump derates smoothly instead of stopping (ZAD-PRF-03); DMX512 250 kbit/s RS-485 behind reinforced isolation; radio link budget.

Order of magnitude

• Free-space path loss at 50 m: 74 dB at 2.44 GHz, 65 dB at 868 MHz (CALCULATION, FSPL = 20log d + 20log f − 147.55); with 0 dBm TX and −95 dBm RX sensitivity (ASSUMPTION, typical low-power radios) the margin is ≈ 20 dB at 2.4 GHz and ≈ 30 dB at 868 MHz before body/enclosure losses → both meet ≥ 30 m; 50 m needs the antenna outside any metal enclosure. Sub-GHz needs two regional radio variants (868 EU / 915 US).
• Thermal time constant of a 0.63 kg block with 60 W loss: τ = m·c·ΔT/P_loss ≈ 0.63·900·280/60 ≈ 2600 s (CALCULATION) — slow plant, simple PI control suffices; a 150 g thick-film tube is ≈ 20× faster and needs pump/heater feed-forward to avoid spitting.

Failure modes: firmware hang with heater on (needs hardware watchdog + cut-out), NTC open/short, pump driven while not READY, DMX signal loss (ZAD-SAF-07), radio cross-triggering (pairing ID, ZAD-FUN-03).

Seed feasibility (order of magnitude, seeds in work/morph.json)

None of the six seeds fails a threshold at this order of magnitude. The ZAD-PRF-02 target (22 ml/min) and the ZAD-PWR-02 target (≤ 1000 W) cannot both be met with e ≈ 2.64 kJ/ml; seeds at 1000 W reach ≈ 21 ml/min.

Gaps

• No fog-fluid composition or measured vaporisation energy was read; e = 2.5–2.8 kJ/ml is derived from water/glycol textbook properties (ASSUMPTION). A weighed bench test retires it.
• No pump or heater datasheet was read here (parts scout); stroke volumes, leakage per kW and relay life are ASSUMPTION ranges.
• Flow-boiling heat-flux limit (50–200 kW/m²) and nozzle temperature window per fluid type are ASSUMPTION.
• Reference impedance for flicker and the leakage limits of the safety standard are left to the regulatory scout.