Przebieg r20261030-0408-v001-zadymiarka-concept-2

Assumptions register (for the owner) — revision C1.1, 2026-10-30

Each assumption: value, one-line reason, sensitivity, the alternative rejected. Decisions the owner may want to change are marked [owner fork].

Conformity plan for ZAD-1 (compact fog machine), covering ZAD-CRT-01, ZAD-CRT-02 and ZAD-CRT-03

Run r20261030-0408-v001-zadymiarka-concept-2 | Author: compliance engineer | 2026-10-30 | Status: CONCEPT DRAFT. This is not legal advice; legal opinions are listed in §7.

Summary

1. ZAD-CRT-01 (EU): a single CE route under RED 2014/53/EU (3.1a, 3.1b, 3.2) with module A, plus:
   • RoHS, WEEE, Batteries Reg. (remote), GPSR, REACH/SCIP, PPWR and the PL BDO register;
   • Ecodesign 2023/826 limits are designed in although scope is unconfirmed;
   • the CRA applies from 11.12.2027, with reporting from launch;
   • the Machinery Regulation is a borderline case that needs a legal opinion.
2. ZAD-CRT-02 (US/CA):
   • FCC 15B Class B SDoC + a modular-approved radio. The certified fallback is Raytac MDBT50Q, FCC ID SH6MDBT50Q / IC 8017A-MDBT50Q. The Ebyte E73 FCC/IC/CE status is NOT verified.
   • ICES-003 Issue 7 / RSS-247 Issue 3.
   • NRTL listing: working basis UL 499 Ed. 14 + ANSI E1.29-2009 (R2024) (US) and CSA C22.2 No. 88:19 (R2024) (CA). The applicability of these standards is UNCONFIRMED until an NRTL scope opinion.
3. ZAD-CRT-03 (ESTA/ANSI): E1.11-2024, E1.20-2025, E1.37-5-2024, E1.5-2009 (R2024), E1.14-2018 (R2023), E1.23-2023 and E1.29-2009 (R2024).
4. Timeline and cost: about 10-14 weeks to CE, 6-8 weeks to FCC/ISED and 16-22 weeks to NRTL listing from design freeze. One-off certification costs about €25k-67k (ASSUMPTION).

Labels used:

• SOURCE = public source. Shown as [S#], defined with URL and access date 2026-10-30 in research/regulatory.md §8, or [P#] in §8 of this file.
• CALCULATION = project calculation file.
• ASSUMPTION = no public source; a reason is given.
• UNCONFIRMED = could not be verified in this session.

Design facts used (from the coordinator, 2026-10-30):

• Power and heating: Class I; heater 950 W; variants ZAD-1-230 (EU, 230 V) and ZAD-1-120 (US, 120 V).
• Heater control: triac burst-fire with a modulation period ≥ 10 s. Three protection layers: a 2-pole capillary safety temperature limiter (STB, manual reset, 300 °C, rev C1.1), an independent hardware comparator relay trip, and firmware control.
• Power supply and mains entry: Mean Well IRM-15-24 SMPS; Schurter KM00 inlet with fuse and double-pole switch; 3 m detachable cord.
• Interfaces:
  • radio module Ebyte E73-2G4M08S1C (nRF52840), with Raytac MDBT50Q as the certified fallback;
  • DMX isolated (SP3485 + digital isolator + B0505S);
  • 3-pin and 5-pin XLR in/thru, with RDM.
• Remote: 2x AAA cells, no coin cells.
• Power states: standby ~0.26 W, off 0 W.

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1. ZAD-CRT-01: EU / CE conformity

2. Draft EU Declaration of Conformity (RED Annex VI layout, from memory; check against the RED text)

EU DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY  (No. ZAD-1-DoC-001, rev. DRAFT)
1. Radio equipment: Fog machine ZAD-1
   Variants: ZAD-1-230 — 220-240 V~ 50/60 Hz, 950 W, Class I
             ZAD-1-120 — 120 V~ 60 Hz, 950 W, Class I (only if made available in the EU; otherwise delete)
   Serial number range: [from … to …]   Firmware: [x.y.z]
2. Manufacturer: [COMPANY NAME], [street], [postcode] [city], Poland, [e-mail], [web]
3. This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer.
4. Object of the declaration: theatrical fog generator with 2.4 GHz radio link (nRF52840 module
   [Raytac MDBT50Q / Ebyte E73-2G4M08S1C]), isolated DMX512-A/RDM in/thru, OLED display; photo in annex.
5. The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonisation legislation:
   - Directive 2014/53/EU (radio equipment)
   - Directive 2011/65/EU as amended by Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2015/863 (RoHS)
   - Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/826 (standby/off mode)            [keep only if the in-scope decision is positive]
   - Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act)                     [from 11.12.2027]
   - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 (machinery)                                [only if the legal opinion says in scope]
6. References to harmonised standards / other technical specifications:
   Art. 3.1(a): EN IEC 60335-1:2023 + A11:2023 (technical specification; not cited in the OJ under RED);
                EN 62233:2008; EN 62479:2010
   Art. 3.1(b): EN IEC 55014-1:2021; EN IEC 55014-2:2021; EN IEC 61000-3-2:2019 + A1:2021;
                EN 61000-3-3:2013 + A1:2019 + A2:2021; ETSI EN 301 489-1 V2.2.3; ETSI EN 301 489-17 V3.3.1
   Art. 3.2:    ETSI EN 300 328 V2.2.2
   RoHS:        EN IEC 63000:2018
   Standby:     EN 50564:2011 (measurement)                               [if applicable]
   Machinery:   EN ISO 12100:2010                                         [if applicable]
7. Notified body: not involved (Annex II, module A; EN 300 328 applied in full).
8. Accessories, components and software: remote control ZAD-RC1 (separate DoC); firmware [x.y.z];
   detachable cord set 3 m [certified type]; approved fluids per ANSI E1.5.
9. Signed for and on behalf of: [COMPANY]  [place, date]  [name, function]  [signature]

Simplified DoC (RED Annex VII), for the manual:
"Hereby, [COMPANY] declares that the radio equipment type ZAD-1 is in compliance with Directive 2014/53/EU.
The full text of the EU declaration of conformity is available at the following internet address: [URL]"

Remote ZAD-RC1 DoC (short form):

• Directives: RED 2014/53/EU and RoHS (as above).
• Standards: EN 62368-1 (edition UNCONFIRMED) or EN 62479:2010; ETSI EN 301 489-1 V2.2.3 / -17 V3.3.1; ETSI EN 300 328 V2.2.2; EN IEC 63000:2018.
• Battery: 2x AAA (LR03).

Editions and OJ status: see §1 rows 1-7. Several OJ statuses are UNCONFIRMED; re-check them on EUR-Lex by hand before signing.

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3. Technical-file outline (RED Annex V + other acts; kept 10 years)

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4. ZAD-CRT-02: US and Canada

FCC rule parts at a glance (added by the chief engineer from research/regulatory.md §3): 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart B — §15.107 (conducted limits, Class B) and §15.109 (radiated limits, Class B) for the host and the remote's digital part, authorised by SDoC (§2.906, §2.1071–2.1077); Subpart C — §15.247 (2.4 GHz digital transmission system) covered by the radio module's modular grant, integrated per KDB 996369; labelling and user information §15.19, §15.21, §15.105(b); "Contains FCC ID" per §2.925. Canada: ICES-003 Issue 7, RSS-247 Issue 3, RSS-Gen.

Pre-certified module saving: it avoids own FCC/IC intentional-radiator certification, about $20k-30k and 4-8 weeks [S49]. The host-only route costs about $3k-10k all-in [S50].

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5. ZAD-CRT-03: ESTA / ANSI standards

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6. Timeline and total one-off cost

6a. Weeks from design freeze (W0). Durations are ASSUMPTION based on the ranges in §1/§4 [S49-S53].

Milestones (ASSUMPTION):

• FCC/ISED done ~W6-8.
• CE done ~W10-14, including one re-test.
• NRTL listing ~W16-22.
• CRA file must be complete before 11.12.2027 [S19].
• Machinery opinion needed before the DoC freeze.

6b. One-off certification cost (planning range)

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7. Open items and legal opinions needed

1. Machinery Regulation borderline (legal opinion): is ZAD-1 (pump = moving part) "machinery"? Can the Art. 2(2)(p) household exclusion be used for a dual-use product? Decide before the DoC freeze; shipments after 20.1.2027 fall under the MR [S22, S23].
2. NRTL scope opinion: UL 499 Ed. 14 + E1.29 / CSA C22.2 No. 88:19 vs No. 64; category code; CB-to-NRTL reuse. ZAD-CRT-02 is "met" in requirements_status.md, but the NRTL standard is only a working basis until this opinion is received.
3. Radio module: get the Ebyte E73-2G4M08S1C FCC ID, IC and RED reports. Otherwise switch to Raytac MDBT50Q and obtain its RED DoC and test reports. Raytac's claim is not a DoC.
4. IRM-15-24 under EN 60335-1: it is certified to IEC/EN/UL 62368-1 only, with no EN 60335-1 or IEC 61558-2-16 listed [P5]. The lab must assess it inside the appliance (insulation, OVC, abnormal tests), or choose an SMPS with 60335/61558 coverage. Mean Well publishes a coverage list [P5].
5. Ecodesign 2023/826 scope, and whether the DMX input counts as a "network port". We meet the limits anyway.
6. EUR-Lex hand check of OJ references and of the OJ status of EN 61000-3-2/-3, EN 62479, EN 62368-1 and EN IEC 63000. Check whether Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026/339 repeals 2022/30 from 11.12.2027 (UNCONFIRMED).
7. GPSR: is Kickstarter an "online marketplace"? Also arrange EPR authorised representatives for EU countries shipped to, and a US SDoC responsible party.
8. E1.11 connector check (3-pin XLR) and the E1.14 / E1.29 texts: obtain the standards from ESTA (human registration).
9. Prop 65 and NFPA 72 have not been researched.
10. Flicker: confirm the Zref values with the purchased IEC 61000-3-3 and measure on EVT (CALCULATION Pst 0.56 at a 10 s period).

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8. Sources added in this plan (accessed 2026-10-30). All [S#] are in research/regulatory.md §8.

• P1 FCC ID SH6MDBT50Q (single modular, 2402-2480 MHz; OEM label "Contains FCC ID: SH6MDBT50Q", "Contains IC ID: 8017A-MDBT50Q") (snippet): https://fcc.report/FCC-ID/SH6MDBT50Q
• P2 Raytac MDBT50Q product pages (certifications FCC/IC/CE…, "CE RED compliant") (snippet): https://www.raytac.com/product/ins.php?index_id=24 ; https://www.raytac.com/product/ins.php?index_id=141
• P3 CSA C22.2 No. 88:19 (R2024) "Industrial heating equipment" (snippet): https://www.csagroup.org/store/product/CSA%20C22.2%20NO.%2088:19/ ; Intertek SUN, scope and effective date (snippet): https://cdn.intertek.com/www-intertek-com/dms-legacy/CSA-C22-2-No-88-SUN-Rev-5-1-2019-ED-11-2-2020.pdf
• P4 UL Certificate of Compliance listing "UL 499 … Edition 14" with CSA C22.2 No. 88 (snippet): https://www.hotstart.com/assets/General-Info/HOTSTART-E-series-Element-Heater-Certificate-UL.pdf
• P5 Mean Well IRM-15 specification rev. 2025-11-21 (UL/EN/IEC 62368-1; leakage < 0.25 mA/277 Vac; I/P-O/P 4.2 kVac) (snippet): https://www.meanwell.com/Upload/PDF/IRM-15/IRM-15-SPEC.PDF

Requirements designed to — compact mains fog machine "ZAD-1" (revision C1, 2026-10-30)

1. Sources and how to read this folder

• Acceptance criteria: the 56 requirements of INPUT/requirements.md (ids ZAD-…). Their design value, label, status, planned verification and evidence are in requirements_status.md (human table) and compliance.csv (machine table) — both generated by build_requirements.py from one data list.
• Status words: met = PASS (analysis) — the design meets the target by calculation, simulation or design definition; every physical test is NOT RUN at this tier. partly = threshold met or design measure defined but the target is missed or not yet provable. not_met = misses the threshold.
• Summary (CALCULATION build_requirements.py): 33 met, 20 partly, 3 not met (ZAD-CST-01, ZAD-CST-02, ZAD-CST-04), 0 not addressed.
• Derived requirements below (DR-…) refine the input where a design decision needs a number; safety requirements SREQ-01…24 are derived in ../02-concept/hazards.md §2. Assumptions with alternatives: assumptions.md. Conformity plan (ZAD-CRT-01/02/03): conformity-plan.md.

2. Derived and refined requirements

3. Safety requirements

SREQ-01 … SREQ-24 with source hazard, independence from firmware and verification: ../02-concept/hazards.md §2.

4. Assembly sequence and time estimate (ZAD-MFG-02) — ASSUMPTION (MTM-style judgement, 1,000-unit batch, fixtures)

5. End-of-line test (ZAD-MFG-03) — limits are DESIGN values, routine levels per EN 50106 to be confirmed with the lab

6. Verification plan (tests the prototype must pass; full procedures belong to the detailed-design test plan)

Architecture of concept C1 — heat-matched vaporiser (revision C1.1, 2026-10-30)

Revision C1.1 implements the blocking findings of the independent review (2-pole heater cut-off, window comparator, lower temperature windows with a calculated overshoot check, blocked-outlet containment, triac heatsink, pump in the cold zone).

Block diagram: architecture.svg / architecture.png (generated by architecture_diagram.py). Interfaces: INTERFACES.json. Numbers carry labels; the evidence is in calc/*.results.json.

B2.1 Flows

• Energy: mains → IEC C14 inlet (fuse T6.3 A EU / T12.5 A US, double-pole switch) → (a) SMPS module 24 V 15 W → 3.3 V buck → logic, pump driver, radio; (b) heater path: 2-pole heater relay (16 A, opens L and N) → 2-pole capillary safety limiter STB (300 °C, 0/+8 K, manual reset) → triac (zero-cross optotriac, finned heatsink) → 950 W heater cast in the exchanger (disconnected on both poles even with a reversed Schuko plug). Class I: exchanger, shroud, chassis bonded to PE (≤ 0.1 Ω, ZAD-SAF-06).
• Material: tank (1.4 L usable) → sump pick-up with tool-free filter → peristaltic pump (2–55 ml/min, cold zone) → stainless check valve and inlet stub → 316 coil in the block (flash vaporisation at 240–270 °C) → nozzle 3.5 mm → guard sleeve → fog. The stopped peristaltic pump occludes the line (anti-siphon, anti-drip, any orientation); the check valve keeps a blocked outlet's steam pressure (40–55 bar) inside the steel coil, away from the polymer tube.
• Signal: 2 × Pt1000 (control channel to MCU, protection channel to the independent comparator), capacitive level sensor, DMX512-A/RDM (isolated), 2.4 GHz remote, front panel (OLED, encoder, RGB status LED), zero-cross timing (behind the relay), watchdog.

B2.2 Subsystems, make-or-buy

B2.3 Layout (concept envelope; detailed CAD not started at this tier)

 top view (x = forward)                        295 mm
 ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
 │ REAR PANEL │ electronics bay │  exchanger (Ø94 insulated)  │guard│  ← left 110 mm: hot zone
 │ IEC, XLRx4 │ PCB, SMPS,      │  ███████ block ███████      │ 90  │◄ nozzle recessed 90 mm
 │ USB-C svc  │ triac+heatsink  │                             │ mm  │
 │────────────┼─────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┴─────│  baffle (insulating)
 │ pump+tray  │ tank 250 × 58 × 110 mm, translucent, lit, cap at top-rear │ ← right 60 mm: cold zone (pump, drip tray)
 └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   178 mm
 height 185 mm incl. 10 mm feet and 25 mm handle (handle at the rear, ≥ 150 mm from the outlet: ZAD-SAF-03)

Envelope 295 × 178 × 185 mm = 9.71 L, dry mass 2.77 kg, full 4.26 kg, tip angle ≥ 37.7° (full) / 42.0° (empty) (CALCULATION calc/packaging_budget.py). Front panel: OLED + encoder + RGB status LED on the rear-top panel strip (away from the outlet); the tank window and level light face the side and the rear.

B2.4 Interfaces (summary of INTERFACES.json)

B2.5 Control strategy (ZAD-PRF-03, -05, -06, -07, ZAD-SAF-07)

States (firmware; safe default = heater relay open, pump disabled):

 OFF ──power──► SELFTEST ──ok──► HEATING ──T ≥ Tset−3K──► READY ◄──────► FOGGING (DMX / remote / timer / button)
                   │fail           │timeout 8 min / no ΔT        │ idle auto-off (user-set 5–240 min, default 20 min: Ecodesign (EU) 2023/826 power management)   │
                   ▼               ▼                             ▼                                        ▼
                 FAULT ◄───────── any channel: sensor open/short, Pt1000 #1 vs #2 > 15 K, over-temp, ZC lost,
                  (codes E01..E12, relay open, pump off, logged)        watchdog reset, pump stall, DMX framing (info)
 READY/FOGGING ──low fluid──► LOW_FLUID (pump stopped before air reaches the pick-up; resumes when refilled)
 any ──purge request / switch-off from menu──► PURGE (pump off, block held 60 s to boil the coil dry) ──► STANDBY
 STANDBY: heater off, radio + DMX listening (0.26 W CALCULATION), wakes on DMX level > 0, remote or button

Pump governor (the "no reheat pause" mechanism): pump rate q = min(q_demand, q_cap) with q_cap = q_ff + Kp·(T − T_ref) + Ki·∫(T − T_ref)dt, q_ff = (P_heater,est − Q_loss(T))/e_ml, T_ref = T_floor + 5 K, Kp = 3 ml/min/K, Ki = 0.03 ml/min/(K·s) with anti-windup (DESIGN). While fogging the heater runs at min(100 %, fluid-load feed-forward + P on the setpoint), so it never drives the block above the setpoint if the pump stops delivering; heater on/off times are ≥ 1 s and the modulation period ≥ 10 s (flicker method validity). From READY at 100 % the pump runs at 55 ml/min while the block has stored heat, then slides down to the continuous rate and stays there — it never stops (SIMULATION of this law in calc/thermal_budget.py: minimum rate during 30 min at 100 % = 27.6 ml/min at 230 V and 22.2 ml/min at 207 V, block never below its floor; plot calc/thermal_run30min.png). Burst risk (review A7): at 55 ml/min the inner-wall flux is ~26 W/cm² (film-boiling regime); peak rate is capped at 40 ml/min until the coil test and the droplet test T-07 confirm 55 ml/min. The heater runs at 100 % while fogging; the mains voltage need not be measured because the integral term absorbs the heater-power error.

Metering: stepper at 1/16 microsteps (TMC2209 interpolates to 1/256), 0.20 ml/rev (ASSUMPTION, calibrated at end-of-line per unit and stored) → 2 ml/min = 10 rpm = 0.67 roller passes per second (no gaps > 2 s, ZAD-PRF-05); rate independent of mains voltage (ZAD-PRF-06); tube wear compensated by the EOL calibration factor and the operating-hours model (re-calibration prompt at tube change).

Anti-spit / anti-drip measures (ZAD-PRF-07): (1) pump enabled only in READY/FOGGING and by the independent comparator window (no pumping into a cold block, also with hung firmware); (2) governor keeps T ≥ T_floor; (3) the peristaltic pump occludes → no siphon or post-run drip; (4) PURGE after fogging and at menu switch-off boils the coil dry; (5) nozzle is part of the hot block (no cold condensing nozzle); (6) guard sleeve drains to an absorbent pad in the sleeve's lowest point (replaceable); (7) per-fluid temperature windows (§B2.6).

DMX/RDM: 2 channels (CH1 output 0–100 %, CH2 mode: 0–9 off, 10–99 continuous, 100–199 timer A, 200–255 timer B or purge with hold), address set by encoder (no DIP switches), output stops ≤ 1 s after DMX loss unless "hold last level" is chosen (ZAD-SAF-07 target ≤ 2 s). RDM PIDs: DEVICE_INFO, DMX_START_ADDRESS, IDENTIFY_DEVICE, SENSOR_DEFINITION/VALUE (block temperature, fluid level), STATUS_MESSAGES (fault codes), DEVICE_HOURS, LAMP_HOURS-equivalent → manufacturer PID "fog hours", SOFTWARE_VERSION_LABEL, RESET_DEVICE.

Remote: keys: [1–4 machine/group] [ALL], [FOG momentary], [CONT on/off], [−][+] output level (10 % steps), [TIMER]; LEDs per selected target: heating (amber blink), ready (green), low fluid (blue), fault (red). Continuous mode auto-off after 10 min (user-settable 1–60 min; ZAD-SAF-07). Pairing: hold [ALL]+[1] on the remote and press the encoder on the machine; the machine stores the remote's 32-bit ID; frames are AES-CCM-authenticated with a counter (neighbouring machines and replays are ignored, ZAD-FUN-03). Timer (ZAD-FUN-05): interval 1–600 s, duration 1–120 s, level 1–100 %, on unit, remote and DMX CH2.

B2.6 Fluid-type temperature windows (ZAD-PRF-08)

All windows stay ≤ 275 °C (firmware cap) to limit thermal decomposition (carbonyl formation thresholds could not be retrieved — open item O-3; E1.5 cl. 3.3 requires decomposition products below OSH limits → aldehyde measurement in the test plan). Wetted materials: 316 stainless, PharMed BPT/Norprene, PP, EPDM/FKM seals — compatible with glycols and glycerol (ASSUMPTION, supplier charts to be attached in detailed design).

B2.7 Service (ZAD-SRV-01..03)

Cover held by 4 captive thumb screws; pump head clips off (tube change < 3 min, ASSUMPTION); exchanger module on 3 standoffs + 2 Faston pairs + 1 tube fitting (≤ 15 min, ASSUMPTION); STB reset button reachable through the base (tool required); inlet filter on the pick-up reachable through the tank neck without tools. Fault codes and hour/fault log on the display, remote (LED code) and RDM; firmware update over the USB-C service port or RDM.

Concept study — compact mains fog machine "ZAD-1" (revision C1, 2026-10-30)

Labels: SOURCE (URL/document), CALCULATION (script in calc/), ASSUMPTION (reason), DESIGN (a value this concept chooses). Status words: PASS / PARTIAL / FAIL / BLOCKED / NOT RUN; "PASS (analysis)" means the calculation passes and the physical test is NOT RUN. Requirement ids are those of INPUT/requirements.md (copied in ../01-requirements/requirements.md).

1. Restated task (A0)

A 1 kW-class, ~2.8 kg, 9.7 L fog machine for water-based glycol fluids (ANSI E1.5) that a mobile DJ, a small venue, a school or a haunted attraction can put on the floor or hang on truss, run for 1–8 h close to people, microphones and smoke detectors, and control from a DMX desk or from the included two-way wireless remote. It must reach full output in ≤ 3 min, never stop to reheat, never spit, and be sold legally in the EU (CE) and the US/Canada (FCC + NRTL listing) at about EUR 229 retail incl. VAT; first batch 1,000 units after a Kickstarter. Duty: event duty 1–8 h, life target ≥ 2,000 fog hours (ZAD-REL-01), ambient 5–40 °C (ZAD-REL-02). Budget (derived, ZAD-CST-01/05): ≤ EUR 60–85 manufacturing cost at 1,000 units.

2. What the market does and why it fails (A1 summary)

Full benchmark with sources: research/benchmark.md (10 products, 3 tiers, read 2026-10-30).

Design consequence: "no reheat pauses" is an energy-balance problem, not a heater-size problem. A machine with heater power P can sustain only q = (P − losses)/e_ml. The concept must (1) state and deliver its continuous rate, (2) use stored heat only for a burst on top of it and (3) meter the pump so that it can never pump faster than the available heat — then output derates smoothly instead of stopping.

3. Physics map (A2)

CFD and FEM are not run at concept depth: the 1-D/lumped models answer the concept questions (CFD route NOT RUN, substitute = analytical jet-entrainment and lumped thermal models; to be revisited for the guard sleeve in detailed design).

4. Working principles considered (B1)

5. Decision matrix (B1) — CALCULATION calc/decision_matrix.py → calc/decision_matrix.csv

Weights = priorities of the requirements behind each criterion (sum 63). Scores 1–5 are engineering judgement (ASSUMPTION), justified below.

Robustness: one-at-a-time ±20 % on every weight: 0 rank flips; 20,000 Monte-Carlo draws with all weights perturbed by ±20 %: C1 wins 100 % (CALCULATION, calc/decision_matrix.results.json). Margin to the runner-up (C5): 7.3 points. Decision: C1. C5 is not a fallback for the stated product (fails ZAD-PRF-08); C2 is the cost fallback only if the owner accepts pauses (it cannot meet ZAD-PRF-03).

6. Sub-decisions inside C1

7. Variants offered back to the owner (decisions taken by default)

Key estimates (B4 budgets) — concept C1, revision C1.1 (after the independent review)

Every value is produced by a script in calc/ (run ddpy <script> from that folder; order: fluid_energy.py, thermal_budget.py, then any other; each writes <stem>.results.json). Hand estimates are printed next to the model (rule of evidence 5). Inputs and their labels: calc/params.py. Positive controls of the routes (CoolProp latent heat, thermo boiling points, lumped ODE vs analytic): ../../management/smoke_tests.results.json — all PASS. Revision C1.1 changes (independent review F1): temperature windows −10 K, end-loss formula corrected and bridges +0.02 W/K (losses +6–9 W), vapour density from the fluid composition (jet slower, plume hotter), heater capped at the setpoint while fogging, new runaway-overshoot analysis, triac heatsink, US fuse T12.5 A.

1. Energy per ml of fluid (CALCULATION calc/fluid_energy.py)

Hand check: water 4.18·80 + 2257 + 2.0·130 = 2,851 kJ/kg vs CoolProp 2,851 kJ/kg (PASS). Sensitivity: exit temperature ±40 K → ±3–4 %. Cross-check against a maker figure: Look Viper NT 1,300 W / 35 ml/min continuous = 2.23 kJ/ml incl. losses (SOURCE maker sheet, re-read 2026-10-30) — consistent within 10 %.

2. Thermal budget (CALCULATION/SIMULATION calc/thermal_budget.py, lumped 2-node model + pump governor)

3. Runaway transient — triac shorted at READY, pump off (CALCULATION calc/runaway_overshoot.py)

Heating ramp with the triac shorted: 1.4 K/s (230 V), 1.8 K/s (253 V, +5 %). Physical confirmation: EN 60335-1 cl. 19.4 / 19.11.3 tests (T-22).

4. Electrical budget (CALCULATION calc/electrical_budget.py)

5. Radio link (CALCULATION calc/link_budget.py; TX +8 dBm, sensitivity −103 dBm coded PHY — SOURCE Nordic nRF52840 PS)

Losses assumed: remote antenna −2 dBi, hand/body −5 dB, enclosure shadowing −4 dB, indoor excess −5 dB, matching −1 dB (ASSUMPTION; range test in the test plan).

6. Packaging, mass, stability, tank (CALCULATION calc/packaging_budget.py)

7. Noise (CALCULATION calc/noise_budget.py)

8. Cost (CALCULATION ../09-bom-cost/cost_rollup.py, unit_economics.py)

Hazard analysis (EN ISO 12100 method), safety requirements and DFMEA — concept C1, revision C1.1

Revision C1.1 (2026-10-30) closes the five blocking findings of the independent review (F1, ../../management/handoffs/reviewer/): B1 runaway overshoot (now calculated, calc/runaway_overshoot.py), B2 protection-sensor short, B3 heater fault with reversed L/N, B4 blocked-outlet pressure, B5 US triac temperature.

Method: identify hazard → hazardous situation → harm; estimate risk before measures (S severity 1–4, P probability 1–5, R = S × P; R ≥ 8 not acceptable, 4–6 reduce further if practicable, ≤ 3 acceptable); reduce in the order inherently safe design → safeguards/protective devices → information for use; estimate residual risk. Scale: S4 death/fire, S3 serious injury (2nd/3rd degree burn, fracture), S2 minor injury, S1 discomfort; P5 frequent … P1 remote. Scores are engineering judgement (ASSUMPTION) to be reviewed with test data. Abnormal-operation references: EN 60335-1 clause 19 (test list in §4).

1. Hazard log

2. Safety requirements derived (SREQ)

3. DFMEA — critical subsystems (S severity, O occurrence, D detection 1–10; RPN = S·O·D; action if S ≥ 9 or RPN ≥ 100)

4. Single-fault analysis for ZAD-SAF-01 (fault → protective measure → planned abnormal test, EN 60335-1 cl. 19)

Residual risks the design cannot remove (stated to the owner): hot vapour at the outlet (managed by distance and guard), fog-triggered fire alarms and reduced visibility (venue procedures), slippery condensate on floors if aimed at the floor, inhalation exposure in small unventilated rooms (fluid and dose guidance only).

Benchmark - compact DMX fog machines (concept phase)

Access date for every SOURCE below: 2026-10-30. Read-only public web only. Conventions: "AS STATED" = maker/shop text copied, not verified. "ASSUMPTION" = my estimate, with reason. "not retrieved" / "unreadable" = I did not find it; no guess made. "search snippet" = value came from a web-search result summary of that page, because the page itself returned HTTP 403 to my fetcher (Full Compass, several shops). Re-verify before quoting externally. Note: "Eurolite N-10" was not found at Thomann (only N-19, N-130, NH-10, Dynamic Fog 1200); it is not in the table.

1. Benchmark table

Tier A - budget / entry (EUR 40-150 class, plus the two cheap US-style items)

Tier B - mid-market with DMX (EUR 200-500)

Tier C - pro "no reheat" / continuous

Also seen, not tabulated (insufficient data): Antari Z-1200II (old manual: 1250 W, ~500 m3/min, 2.5 L, 10.9 kg, 458x243x177, wired Z-8 remote 10 m, DMX 1 ch; https://images.thomann.de/pics/prod/195470.pdf); Antari Z-800 MK3 (745 W, "about 2 min" warm-up, Thomann blurb only; https://www.thomann.de/de/antari_z_800_mk3.htm); Cameo Instant Fog 1700 T Pro (1700 W touring, Thomann blurb only; "1200 Pro" not found); Eurolite N-130 (1300 W, DMX, Thomann blurb only). Two Thomann product pages answered HTTP 429 when I fetched 8 pages in a row - I did not retry.

2. Pump / heat-exchanger facts published

3. User-reported weak points (cross-cutting, with URLs)

• Reheat pauses are normal and documented by makers: Antari manual ("recycling period after long bursts ... no fog can be produced"), Chauvet Hurricane 700 manual ("intermittently to allow for fluid reheating"). Sources: https://images.thomann.de/pics/prod/195470.pdf , https://www.chauvetdj.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Hurricane_700_UM_Rev10_WO.pdf
• Spitting / "coughing": PA-Forum explanation - after the pump stops, pressure in the heater drops below pump back-pressure and leftover fluid runs out; small puffs after switch-off are normal; raw cold fluid at power-on on one cheap unit. Source (via snippet): https://paforum.de/forum/thread/26445-nebelmaschine-defekt/ and https://www.gutefrage.net/frage/nebelmaschine-spuckt-nach-und-waehrend-des-betriebs
• Pump death / clogged block: Antari Z-1200 owners: pump seized/burnt out "not an uncommon fault", block clog makes pump burn in seconds (https://www.blue-room.org.uk/topic/25237-antari-smoke-machine-problem/); Sound House repair of Z-1200II: clogged heater + pump fault (https://www.soundhouse.co.jp/en/contents/staff-blog/index?post=1920); Hurricane 1800 Flex pump buzzing after summer storage (ControlBooth URL above).
• Wrong fluid / additives clog: Chauvet and Antari manuals; haunt blog https://hauntharvester.com/how-to-clean-and-unclog-a-fog-machine/
• Controller/remote connector faults: Antari Z-1000 cold solder joints on remote DIN (https://www.controlbooth.com/threads/fogger-issues.10190/); AF-150 and Z-1000X reviewers dislike remote/foot switch quality (Thomann pages above).
• Wireless remote range: no published figure found for any product - open item.

4. Open-source / DIY prior art

5. Derived cross-check (my calculation, not a published value)

Energy needed to boil the water part of a typical fluid (ASSUMPTION: Antari FLL SDS 42% water / 53% propylene glycol / 5% glycerol by weight; ASSUMPTION: density ~1.05 g/ml): water 0.42 g/g x (4.19 J/gK x 80 K + 2257 J/g) ~ 1.09 kJ per g fluid; heating the 0.58 g glycol part from 20 to ~250 C at ~2.4 J/gK ~ 0.32 kJ -> total ~1.4 kJ/g ~ 1.5 kJ/ml (see fluids.md section 5 for property sources; the water 2257 J/g is an unsourced textbook value). Heater power per ml of the published rates: Antari Z-1000X MK3 925 W / 60 ml/min = 0.93 kJ/ml; Antari Z-1000 II 1000 W / 56 ml/min = 1.07 kJ/ml; Hurricane 1800 Flex 1190 W / 30 ml/min = 2.4 kJ/ml (80 ml/min older version: 1.2 kJ/ml); Look Viper NT 1300 W / 35 ml/min (continuous) = 2.2 kJ/ml but 1300 W / 120 ml/min (max) = 0.65 kJ/ml; ZR35 1500 W / 140 ml/min = 0.64 kJ/ml. Reading: "max output" rates are below the ~1.5 kJ/ml needed, so the heat-exchanger thermal mass is being drained (hence 30 s bursts + reheat); the maker-stated "continuous" rate sits near 2 kJ/ml, i.e. heater power / 1.5 kJ/ml x efficiency (~70%). A 1000 W heater can therefore sustain only ~30-40 ml/min indefinitely (ASSUMPTION: 70% transfer efficiency). This is the physical basis of the "no reheat pause" requirement and should drive the concept (more heater power per ml, or lower ml/min with finer droplets).

6. Market gap - 5 bullets

1. No DMX + wireless-remote-included machine is published with both a continuous (no reheat) claim and a price under ~EUR 340: the cheapest with included wireless + RDM is Antari Z-1000X MK3 at EUR 346 (and it still has reheat rules in the Antari manual), the pro "continuous" units are 8.6 kg (Viper NT, without canister) to 15.1 kg (ZR35, USD 1,079; Look Viper 2.6 sells at USD 1,050; Viper NT price not retrieved).
2. Budget DMX units (AF-150 EUR 119, 5.5 kg) ship a wired remote only, publish a contradictory fluid rate (33 vs 95 ml/min) and show no continuous-duty figure; wireless is a separate article.
3. Only one tabulated product publishes a sustained-output rate (Look Viper NT: 35 ml/min continuous, < 50% setting); others only give peak rates. Buyers cannot compare "no reheat" claims - a published continuous ml/min and minutes-at-100% figure would be a differentiator.
4. Warm-up of every DMX machine >= 900 W in the table is 5-10 min; the only 2-2.5 min units are low-power (Hurricane 700 at 471 W, Z-800 MK3 at 745 W) with short bursts.
5. Service life: every mid-market failure thread (Antari Z-1000/Z-1200, Hurricane 1800 Flex) ends in clogged heat exchanger -> pump burn-out or connector/solder faults; no maker publishes a flush/self-clean cycle, pump type or heat-exchanger temperature on the retail page (Martin is the exception: nozzle 290 C, oscillating-piston pump).

7. Best published values (with source row)

Spot-check receipts by the chief engineer (2026-10-30, about 1 in 5 key claims re-read)

Fog fluid data - concept phase

Access date for every SOURCE: 2026-10-30. "not stated" = the document says so or is silent. ASSUMPTION = my estimate, reason given. Where a section is incomplete it says so (see section 3: two web searches on carbonyl formation were refused by the search tool's safeguard, so that part is open).

1. ANSI E1.5 - scope and allowed compounds

• Standard: ANSI E1.5-2009 (R2014), "Entertainment Technology - Theatrical Fog Made With Aqueous Solutions of Di- and Trihydric Alcohols", ESTA Fog & Smoke Working Group. Original 2003; 2009 edition; reaffirmed 2014 (read here) and, per ESTA/USITT secondary sources, 2018; one secondary source cites "R2024" - NOT confirmed on ESTA's site. SOURCE: https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/ESTA_E1-5_2009_R2014.pdf (full text read); status/reaffirmation: https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/StandardsWatch/Swatch01a2019.pdf and https://www.usitt.org/news/estas-technical-standard-program-announces-ten-draft-standards-now-public-review-six-plus (via search snippet). OPEN: confirm current reaffirmation year with ESTA.
• Scope (section 1, quoted in substance): composition of fogs/mists "not likely to be harmful to otherwise healthy performers, technicians or audience members of normal working age, 18 to 64 inclusive"; limited to fogs made from water and one or more dihydric or trihydric alcohols; for theatres, arenas and places of entertainment or public assembly; no inference for other populations. Oil-based fluids are outside the standard.
• Allowed components (section 3.1; only these alcohols with deionised water; anything else, incl. colours, scents, bactericides, "do not meet the requirements"):

  Compound	CAS
  triethylene glycol	112-27-6
  monopropylene glycol (1,2-propanediol)	57-55-6
  diethylene glycol	111-46-6
  dipropylene glycol	25265-71-8, 106-62-7, 110-98-5, 108-61-2
  1,2-butylene glycol	584-03-2
  1,3-butylene glycol	107-88-0
  glycerin (glycerol)	56-81-5

• Concentrations (3.2): total alcohol <= 10 mg/m3 TWA (8 h); peak never above 40 mg/m3; glycerin alone: peak never above 50 mg/m3.
• Decomposition products (3.3): formaldehyde, acrolein, acetaldehyde and other thermal-degradation products must stay below the lowest permissible level set by the governing OSH authority (OSHA, UK HSE). Contaminants (3.4) such as acetone and ethylene glycol likewise.
• Related: ANSI E1.29-2009 (R2018) "Product Safety Standard for Theatrical Fog Generators" (name seen only in a search snippet; not read) - relevant for our machine design: https://standards.globalspec.com/std/13126227/ansi-esta-e1-5 and ESTA TSP list.
• Design note: E1.5 allows diethylene glycol, but the Chauvet EU fluid FFDJ5 is classified Acute Tox. 4 (H302) because of it (see table) - in the EU, DEG-containing fluid carries a hazard label; Look and Antari advertise "no DEG".

2. Safety data sheets - one row per fluid

Type labels: "quick-dissipating / standard / long-hang" are the makers' own wording only where stated (Look). For Antari FLP/FLL the SDS does not state the hang time; I do not label them (ASSUMPTION avoided).

Not found: Eurolite, Showtec, Safex, Le Maitre, JEM/Martin Pro-Smoke SDS (not searched within the time box) - OPEN. Martin lists "JEM Pro fog fluids" and Rush fog fluid as compatible; no SDS read. Exposure columns in the Antari SDS (secondary): glycerol Germany TWA 50 mg/m3 (peak 100), France/Austria-type 10 mg/m3; propylene glycol Latvia 7 mg/m3, Norway 25 ppm / 79 mg/m3 - as printed in the SDS table, not checked at the national sources.

3. Heat-exchanger temperatures and decomposition thresholds

Published machine temperatures (see benchmark.md section 2):

Thermal decomposition / carbonyl thresholds (propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin):

• NOT RETRIEVED. My two literature searches (heated-aerosol carbonyl formation; fog-machine thermal-degradation papers) were rejected by the search tool's safeguard filter and I did not try to work around that. No threshold value is given here and none must be assumed.
• What IS sourced: (a) E1.5 clause 3.3 requires formaldehyde/acrolein/acetaldehyde in the fog to be below the lowest OSH-authority limit (section 1); (b) Look US SDS claims "no known dangerous products" on decomposition, Chauvet FJU SDS lists CO, CO2, water; Antari SDS: "thermal decomposition can lead to release of irritating and toxic gases and vapors"; (c) Antari states 250 C average, Martin 290 C nozzle - the design baseline to beat is therefore "<= ~250-290 C in the heat exchanger".
• OPEN (hand to a follow-up run): find (1) papers/agency reports on carbonyl formation vs temperature for PG, TEG and glycerol in fog/heated-aerosol conditions (e.g. via PubMed, NIOSH, Health Canada, the ENVIRON/ESTA fog test papers), (2) any measured aldehyde output of commercial fog machines.

4. Exposure guidance - one line each

• ENVIRON (Moline & Golden, Mount Sinai / ENVIRON International), "Health Effects Evaluation of Theatrical Smoke, Haze, and Pyrotechnics", 2000, for the Equity-League Pension and Health Trust Funds: recommends peak/ceiling not above 40 mg/m3 for glycols and 25 mg/m3 for mineral oil; symptoms (respiratory, throat, nasal, vocal cord) associated with peak glycol exposure; the study covered 439 actors on 16 Broadway musicals (figure from a secondary page). https://actorsequity.org/docs/librariesprovider2/resource-documents/safe-sanitary/finalreport.pdf?sfvrsn=163c3c97_1 (found via search; I did not open the PDF)
• Glycerol 50 mg/m3 peak: follow-up ENVIRON 2001 study (via secondary summary). Equipment-based guidelines and calibration factors: https://lort.org/assets/documents/Equipment-Based_Guidelines_for_the_Use_of_Theatrical_Smoke_and_Haze.pdf (not opened).
• Actors' Equity rules page (current limits glycol 40, mineral oil 25, glycerol 50 mg/m3 per search summary): https://actorsequity.org/resources/producers/safe-and-sanitary/smoke-and-haze
• ESTA/ANSI E1.5: 10 mg/m3 TWA, 40 mg/m3 peak (glycerin alone 50) - read directly, section 1 above.
• AIHA WEEL for propylene glycol: 10 mg/m3 (aerosol), 50 ppm total - as printed on Rosco SDS: https://www.rosco.com/sites/default/files/content/resource/2016-08/s_sfluid.pdf (via snippet), and in Rosco Fog Fluid SDS (10 mg/m3 column).
• ACGIH TLV for propylene glycol: none (the Antari SDS ACGIH column is blank; Rosco note says its ACGIH column carries an AIHA WEEL).
• Germany: TRGS 900 (version 5.6.2026) https://www.baua.de/DE/Angebote/Rechtstexte-und-Technische-Regeln/Regelwerk/TRGS/pdf/TRGS-900.pdf?__blob=publicationFile and GESTIS record 1,2-Propandiol https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=013620 - AGW value for propylene glycol/glycerol NOT confirmed by me; OPEN. (The Antari SDS shows Germany glycerol TWA 50 mg/m3 - unverified.)
• EU: no EU-wide IOELV for propylene glycol found (Antari SDS shows "-" for EU).

5. Physical properties for energy-per-ml cross-check

Molar mass (my arithmetic from formulas, ASSUMPTION - standard atomic weights): water 18.02; PG 76.09; DPG 134.17; TEG 150.17; glycerin 92.09 g/mol.

Per-gram conversions are my division of NIST molar values by molar mass. Cp values as J/gK: PG 2.50, TEG 2.22, glycerin 2.38. SOURCES (NIST WebBook, SRD 69, fetched 2026-10-30): water https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C7732185&Units=SI&Mask=4 and fluid table https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/fluid.cgi?Action=Load&ID=C7732185&Type=SatP ; PG https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C57556&Units=SI&Mask=4 and Mask=2 ; DPG https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C25265718&Units=SI&Mask=4 ; TEG https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C112276&Units=SI&Mask=4 and Mask=2 ; glycerin https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C56815&Units=SI&Mask=4 and Mask=2. Densities and DPG boiling point: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene_glycol , /Dipropylene_glycol , /Triethylene_glycol , /Glycerol (secondary - replace with NIST/GESTIS before the design freeze). Autoignition: https://chemicalsafety.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_lang=en&p_version=2&p_card_id=0321 (PG), https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1160.htm (TEG), https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chris/PPG.pdf (PG, 700 F), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipropylene_glycol (DPG) - all via search snippets, cards not opened by me. Isomer note: 1,2-propanediol Cp and Hvap data have multi-point scatter (e.g. Hvap 67 +/- 8 kJ/mol standard-state average vs 52 at 460 K); use the value at the working temperature.

Cross-check sketch is in benchmark.md section 5 (about 1.4-1.5 kJ per g/ml of fluid to boil the water part of a 42%-water fluid and heat the glycol part to ~250 C; derived, not published).

Regulatory scan: compact fog machine ("zadymiarka"), concept phase

Run: r20261030-0408-v001-zadymiarka-concept-2 | Role: compliance engineer | Date: 2026-10-30 | Status: DRAFT for concept review. This is not legal advice. Product basis: Class I, 975 W heater, triac burst-fire control, die-cast Al heat exchanger at ~250-290 °C, 24 V peristaltic pump, universal 24 V SMPS module, nRF52840 2.4 GHz proprietary 2-way link (no internet), isolated DMX512-A/RDM (3-pin and 5-pin XLR), OLED display, C14 inlet with fuse and switch. Battery remote with an nRF52 module and 2x AAA cells. Variants: EU 220-240 V and US 120 V. Sold B2B and B2C in the EU (Poland first), US and CA. Kickstarter launch ~2027.

Summary

1. EU: there is one CE route, under RED 2014/53/EU: 3.1(a) safety via EN 60335-1, 3.1(b) EMC via EN 55014-x, 61000-3-x and 301 489-17, and 3.2 radio via EN 300 328. LVD and EMCD are not declared separately. On top of that come RoHS, WEEE, the Batteries Regulation (remote), GPSR, REACH/SCIP, PPWR and the Polish BDO register. The RED cyber act 2022/30 is very likely out of scope (no internet path). The CRA does apply: reporting from launch, full obligations from 11.12.2027. The Machinery Regulation (from 20.1.2027) is a borderline case we should document. The real fog-machine DoCs found declare LVD (+EMC) with EN 60335-1 only.
2. US/CA: the host needs an FCC 15B Class B SDoC plus a modular-approved nRF module (15.247 / RSS-247), with "Contains FCC ID / IC" labels and ICES-003. The NRTL safety standard that fog machines are listed to is UNCONFIRMED from public data. The working assumption is UL 499 (+ ANSI E1.29-2009 (R2024)), with a CSA counterpart still open. Reese's Law does not apply because the remote uses AAA cells.
3. Main design drivers:
   • a thermal cut-out that does not reset itself and works independently of the triac and firmware;
   • EN 61000-3-3 flicker from burst-fire (slow burst period, or measure early);
   • a reinforced mains/SELV barrier, including DMX;
   • standby ≤0.5 W and off ≤0.3 W from 2027, if in scope;
   • marking and manual per EN 60335-1 cl. 7 and ANSI E1.14;
   • CRA-ready firmware (signed updates, vulnerability handling).

Conventions:

• Access date: all sources accessed 2026-10-30. Each [S#] maps to a full URL in §8.
• Confidence levels:
  • high = primary or official text read today;
  • medium = concordant secondary sources, or a primary reference known but not readable today;
  • low = single or weak source.
• UNCONFIRMED: could not be verified in this session; the entry says what was tried.
• ASSUMPTION: a cost or time figure with no public source; the entry gives a one-line reason.
• EUR-Lex: it returned HTTP 202 with an empty body to every automated fetch today (2023/826, 2014/53, 2023/988, 2026/339 tried). EU OJ page references marked "medium (EUR-Lex unreadable)" come from prior knowledge or search snippets and must be checked by hand before the DoC is frozen.

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1. EU legal acts

1b. Real EU DoCs of fog machines (which directives and standards makers declare)

Takeaways:

• No maker found cites an EN 60335-2-x part, the Machinery Directive or EN ISO 12100.
• None of the DoCs found covers an integrated 2.4 GHz radio. Competitors' wireless remotes are 433 MHz (EN 300 220 world).
• With our integrated nRF radio, our DoC must be RED-based, which is a deliberate difference from these DoCs.

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2. Harmonised standards: current editions and OJ status

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3. US and Canada

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4. ESTA / ANSI standards (current editions per the ESTA TSP list, read today)

Source: S4 (high; designations as listed today). E1.29 scope and the UL 998 basis: S4/S5 (medium).

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5. Test lab view: tests, cost, lead time

EU (RED route)

US / Canada

What a pre-certified module saves:

• US: it avoids our own intentional-radiator certification, estimated at $20k-30k and 4-8 weeks (Particle). The host path is 15B only, about $3k-10k all-in (MarkReady).
• EU: it avoids the full EN 300 328 suite and the NB route for 3.2 if conditions are kept. It also cuts IC/RSS-247 work.
• Conditions: we must stay inside the grant conditions (antenna, power, enclosure detuning); otherwise the savings are lost.

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6. Design measures implied

1. Independent over-temperature protection. Fit a non-self-resetting thermal cut-out or thermal fuse on the die-cast block, in series with the heater and independent of the triac and MCU. EN 60335-1 cl. 19 short-circuits the triac and thermostat. Do not rely on firmware unless it is designed to EN 60335-1 Annex R (software class B). Consider a series relay driven by a separate watchdog.
2. Earthing. Bond the die-cast exchanger, metal enclosure and pump bracket to PE (cl. 27; earth-continuity test). Choose a heater element with low hot leakage current and moisture-sealed terminations (cl. 13/16; glycol + humidity).
3. Mains/SELV barrier. Use a 24 V SMPS module certified with reinforced insulation (IEC 62368-1/61558 component, accepted under 60335-1). Put DMX, OLED, radio, pump and UI all on SELV. Isolate DMX from the internal SELV with E1.11-compatible isolated transceivers. Keep creepage and clearance for reinforced insulation at 250 V on the PCB.
4. Fluid path. Place the tank and pump so that spillage or overfill cannot reach live parts (cl. 15). Use glycol-compatible tubing, a drip tray and a vent. Check the pinch hazard at the pump head; enclose it (cl. 20).
5. Hot surfaces. Guard the nozzle and block. Respect the cl. 11 touch-temperature limits, fit the IEC 60417-5041 hot-surface symbol, and provide a cool-down time before transport.
6. Flicker (EN 61000-3-3) from burst-fire.
   • Voltage step: 975 W at 230 V gives 4.24 A. With the reference impedance (0.24+j0.15 Ω phase + 0.16+j0.10 Ω neutral; values from memory, UNCONFIRMED), d ≈ 0.74 %.
   • Flicker time per step: tf = 2.3·0.74^3.2 ≈ 0.88 s.
   • Short-term limit (Pst ≤ 1): ≤ ~680 steps per 10 min (~68 steps/min, ~34 on/off cycles/min).
   • Long-term limit (Plt ≤ 0.65, continuous): ≤ ~170 steps per 10 min, i.e. a burst period ≥ ~7 s.
   • Measures: zero-cross synchronised switching; a firmware-configurable control period (avoid ~1 s PWM); measure with a flickermeter in EVT. The analytical method is not valid for fast sub-second bursts; that rule is from memory.
   • US variant: no flicker rule found (8.1 A at 120 V); use the same firmware.
7. EMC. Fit an X-capacitor and common-mode choke at the inlet, and an RC snubber across the triac. Zero-cross switching keeps clicks (EN 55014-1 discontinuous disturbance) low. Add ESD protection on XLR, buttons and OLED. Use no phase-angle control, which keeps EN 61000-3-2 Class A easy.
8. Standby and off. A double-pole switch in the C14 module gives true off (0 W). Standby with the radio listening must stay ≤0.50 W: duty-cycled nRF RX, OLED off, heater off, and a low no-load-loss SMPS. Standby with display ≤0.80 W. Auto-drop to standby after ≤20 min idle (if in scope).
9. Marking (EN 60335-1 cl. 7) and RED/GPSR.
   • Ratings and identity: rated voltage(s) and frequency per variant; rated power input; name/trademark + postal and electronic address; model/type; serial/batch.
   • Symbols: fuse rating at the holder; IP code if above IPX0; hot-surface symbol; WEEE bin; CE.
   • Radio, US/CA labels: RED Art. 10 band and max-power information in the manual; "Contains FCC ID / IC"; the FCC 15.19 text; CAN ICES-003(B); the NRTL mark on the US variant.
   • Remote: the same set, scaled down.
10. Manual (ANSI E1.14-2018 (R2023) checklist + EN 60335-1 cl. 7.12).
    • Fluid and use: approved fluids (E1.5-compliant) and a "no flammable fluids" warning; ventilation and dosage; smoke-detector interaction; slippery residue, visibility and egress; hot outlet; refill only when unplugged.
    • Consumer and maintenance: cleaning and maintenance; transport when cool; the children/persons-with-reduced-capabilities statement for consumer use.
    • Technical data: DMX/RDM personality, plus radio data.
    • Legal and support: FCC/ISED statements; WEEE and battery disposal; the CRA support period and security contact.
11. CRA readiness.
    • Code and keys: signed firmware with a secure bootloader; per-unit pairing keys between machine and remote; no default credentials.
    • Documentation and process: an SBOM; a vulnerability-disclosure policy and an ENISA reporting process from launch; a declared support period.
    • Update path: RDM (E1.37-4) or USB.
12. Remote.
    • Battery: a user-replaceable 2x AAA battery door with no tools or common tools (Batteries Reg. Art. 11 from 18.2.2027); no coin cells (Reese's Law); polarity marking.
    • Compliance: its own RED DoC and FCC/ISED labels.
13. Materials. Use low-Pb Al die-cast and brass (RoHS exemption status UNCONFIRMED), a non-DEHP/DINP mains cord (REACH/Prop 65), and keep SVHC declarations from all suppliers.
14. Machinery borderline. Write the scope rationale and an ISO 12100-style risk assessment now, so either outcome is covered by 20.1.2027.

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7. Open items (owner: compliance unless noted)

1. EUR-Lex check by hand of the OJ page references and the exact text of 2023/826 (scope annex, definitions of network/reactivation) and 2022/30. Confirm or reject Del. Reg. (EU) 2026/339 (repeal of 2022/30).
2. NRTL standard: get the scope opinion (UL 499 / E1.29 / CSA counterpart) from Intertek, QPS or UL. Needs human contact; not done here.
3. Ecodesign 2023/826: decide whether we are in scope. Interim: design to the limits regardless.
4. Machinery Regulation: lab opinion on fog machine = machinery? Decide before the DoC template is frozen (pre-20.1.2027 shipments vs later).
5. Flicker: EVT measurement with the real heater and control period. Confirm the Zref and d-limit values from the purchased IEC 61000-3-3.
6. Kickstarter as GPSR "online marketplace"; EPR registrations (WEEE, batteries, packaging) for each non-PL EU country shipped to; a US responsible party for the SDoC.
7. Get EN IEC 60335-1:2023+A11 and the ANSI E1.14 / E1.29 texts. The E1.x documents are free from ESTA after registration, which a human must do.
8. Prop 65 and NFPA 72 not researched in the time box.
9. Choose the module vendor with a full FCC/ISED modular grant and RED test reports (EN 300 328 V2.2.2, EN 301 489-17 V3.3.1, EN 62368-1/62479).

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8. Sources (all accessed 2026-10-30)

• S1 Antari Z-380/Z-390 tech file incl. EC DoCs (PDF text read): https://prostage.no/media/multicase/documents/pdf%20antari/z-390-an_ce%20lvd,%20asp_c1.pdf
• S2 JEM ZR Series EU DoC (HTTP 404 on fetch today; search snippet only): https://jemprofessional.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/JEM-ZR-Series_EU-DoC-EN.pdf
• S3 EU alert A12/1693/19 "LED 500" fog machine (snippet): https://www.bromley.gov.uk/leaflet/328565/22/680/d
• S4 ESTA TSP published documents (read): https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php
• S5 ABTT on ESTA reaffirmations incl. E1.29/E1.5 (R2024) (snippet): https://www.abtt.org.uk/estas-technical-standard-program-announces-three-newly-published-standard-reaffirmations-and-seven-documents-now-in-public-review/
• S6 European Commission, standby/networked standby/off mode (read): https://energy-efficient-products.ec.europa.eu/product-list/standby-networked-standby-and-mode_en
• S7 UL on 2023/826 (snippet): https://www.ul.com/news/eu-regulation-2023826-new-energy-efficiency-requirements
• S8 TÜV SÜD on 2023/826 (snippet): https://www.tuvsud.com/en-gb/press-and-media/2023/may/regulation-concerning-ecodesign-requirements
• S9 Nemko on standby limits (snippet): https://www.nemko.com/blog/changing-eu-requirements-for-standby-mode
• S10 EUR-Lex 2023/826 (fetch returned empty): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R0826
• S11 SIQ on EN IEC 60335-1:2023+A11:2023 (snippet): https://www.siq.si/en/news/new-european-standard-en-iec-60335-12023-a112023-issued/
• S12 IBF Solutions, LVD OJ lists (snippet): https://www.ibf-solutions.com/en/news-and-knowledge/official-journals/standards-for-the-low-voltage-directive
• S13 EUR-Lex 2022/30 (snippet of Art. 1): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022R0030
• S14 Orgalim, "internet-connected radio equipment" (snippet): https://orgalim.eu/resource/internal-market-common-understanding-of-the-term-internet-connected-radio-equipment/
• S15 In Compliance Magazine on EN 18031 (snippet): https://incompliancemag.com/reds-cybersecurity-requirements-update-en-18031-x2024/
• S16 Ezurio on Impl. Dec. (EU) 2025/138 (snippet): https://www.ezurio.com/resources/blog/understanding-eu-commission-implementation-of-decision-eu-2025-138-new-harmonized-standards-and-restrictions
• S17 Reproduction of 2025/138 (snippet): https://github.com/Platanor/hardware-compliance-handbook/blob/main/primary-sources/red-implementing-decision-eu-2025-138-en-18031.md
• S18 European Commission CRA page (snippet): https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cyber-resilience-act
• S19 CRA text, Art. 71 (snippet): https://www.cyberresilienceact.eu/regulation.html
• S20 ComplianceGate, Batteries Regulation timeline (snippet): https://www.compliancegate.com/eu-batteries-regulation-timeline-and-dates/
• S21 CMS on the Batteries Regulation (snippet): https://cms.law/en/aut/legal-updates/eu-sustainable-batteries-regulation-where-are-we-now
• S22 EUR-Lex 2023/1230, Art. 2(2)(p) (snippet): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A32023R1230
• S23 TÜV Rheinland on the MR, 20.1.2027 (snippet): https://www.tuv.com/world/en/new-machinery-regulation-eu-2023-1230.html
• S24 EUR-Lex Impl. Dec. (EU) 2022/2191 (snippet): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022D2191
• S25 EUR-Lex Impl. Dec. (EU) 2025/893 (snippet): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ%3AL_202500893
• S26 Spilma, RED harmonised standards list 2026 (snippet): https://www.spilma.com/en/red/standards
• S27 IB-Lenhardt on RED (snippet): https://ib-lenhardt.com/kb/faq/radio-equipment-directive-red
• S28 C-PRAV on the updated Commission RED Guide (snippet): https://c-prav.com/2026/10/14/european-commission-publishes-updated-guide-to-the-radio-equipment-directive/
• S29 Nemko on EN 55014-1/-2:2021 in the OJ (snippet): https://www.nemko.com/blog/cispr-14-1-and-22020-to-be-published-and-updated-in-the-official-journal-in-2021
• S30 European Commission EMC harmonised standards page (snippet): https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/european-standards/harmonised-standards/electromagnetic-compatibility-emc_en
• S31 European Commission PPWR application news (snippet): https://environment.ec.europa.eu/news/new-eu-rules-packaging-enter-application-2026-08-11_en
• S32 PPWR explainer (snippet): https://packagingregulation.org/
• S33 BDO, entities required to register (snippet): https://bdo.mos.gov.pl/news/podmioty-zobowiazane-do-rejestracji-w-bdo/
• S34 BDO sections IV/V/VI (snippet): https://rejestracjabdo.pl/czy-sprzedawca-baterii-musi-rejestrowac-sie-jako-wprowadzajacy/
• S35 16 CFR 1263.2 (snippet): https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/16/1263.2
• S36 Federal Register 2023-20334, AAA statement (snippet): https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/21/2023-20334/safety-standard-for-button-cell-or-coin-batteries-and-consumer-products-containing-such-batteries
• S37 IB-Lenhardt on ICES-003 Issue 7 (snippet): https://ib-lenhardt.com/news/ised-published-ices-003-issue7
• S38 Nemko on ICES-003 Issue 7 (snippet): https://www.nemko.com/blog/canada-publishes-updated-interference-causing-equipment-standard
• S39 ISED RSS-Gen Issue 5 A2 (search result): https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/spectrum-management-telecommunications/sites/default/files/documents/RSS-Gen-i5-A2-2021-02EN.pdf
• S40 Compatible Electronics, RSS-247 Issue 3 (snippet): https://www.celectronics.com/Wireless-RF-Testing-WiFi-Bluetooth-Other/Industry-Canada-ISED-Testing
• S41 Rosco Vapour, ETL/cETL (snippet): https://us.rosco.com/en/product/vapour-fog-machine
• S42 Ultratec Power Fog Industrial, QPS CSA/UL (snippet): https://www.lighttheatrics.com/ultratec-power-fog-industrial/
• S43 Ultratec Eclipse LFG, QPS (snippet): https://ultratecfx.com/atmospherics/products-catalog/eclipse-lfg/
• S44 Chauvet DJ Hurricane Haze 4D, cULus (snippet): https://www.chauvetdj.com/products/hurricane-haze-4d/ ; Hurricane 700, CE only: https://www.chauvetdj.com/products/hurricane-700/
• S45 L&L Kilns, UL 499:2014 Ed.14 + R:31May2023 (snippet): https://hotkilns.com/kiln-features/ll-kilns-ul499-standard-etl-listing-safety
• S46 Flicker analytical method and limits review (snippet): https://github.com/jacho35/protectionpro/pull/405
• S47 IEC 61000-3-3:2013 preview (snippet): https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/19367/fbf1fcffc30b43e28407edc627d0d5c9/IEC-61000-3-3-2013.pdf
• S48 Compatible Electronics on EN/IEC 61000-3-3 (snippet): https://www.celectronics.com/learning-center/en-iec-61000-3-3
• S49 Particle, certification costs (snippet): https://docs.particle.io/hardware/certification/certification/
• S50 MarkReady, FCC costs 2026 (snippet): https://markready.io/learn/fcc-certification-cost
• S51 ComplianceGate, CE marking cost (snippet): https://www.compliancegate.com/ce-marking-cost/
• S52 Spilma, certification cost ranges (snippet): https://www.spilma.com/en/guides/certification-costs
• S53 EcoComply, CE marking costs (snippet): https://ecocomply.ai/blog/what-does-ce-marking-cost-for-your-product
• S54 eCFR 47 CFR Part 15 (automated fetch redirected to unblock.federalregister.gov; not read): https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-15
• S55 Eurolite NX-200 manual (snippet): https://www.steinigke.de/download/51701978-Anleitung-41061-1.000-eurolite-nx-200-nebelmaschine-de_en.pdf
• S56 Eurolite WRC-3 remote, 433.92 MHz (snippet): https://www.steinigke.com/mpn51702028-eurolite-wrc-3-wireless-remote-control.html
• S57 Highlite manual, "DoC on product page" (snippet): https://www.highlite.com/media/attachments/MANUAL/50706_MANUAL_GB_V1.pdf
• S58 GOV.UK factsheet on 2022/30, 1.8.2025 (snippet): https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/radio-equipment-regulations-2017/regulation-eu-202230-factsheet
• S59 UL Solutions RED cybersecurity FAQ (snippet): https://www.ul.com/resources/red-cybersecurity-requirements-faqs
• S60 iTeh catalogue, EN IEC 60335-1:2023/A11:2023: https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/clc/c84c19c2-cca6-4191-9cc4-89fd44c86e0f/en-iec-60335-1-2023-a11-2023
• S61 Teldat on CRA Art. 14 reporting from 11.9.2026 (snippet): https://www.teldat.com/glossary/cyber-resilience-act-new-requirements-reporting-obligations-2026-art-14-cra/
• S62 EUR-Lex RED 2014/53/EU (unreadable today): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/53/oj/eng
• S63 EUR-Lex GPSR 2023/988 (unreadable today): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj/eng
• S64 EUR-Lex RoHS 2011/65/EU: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/65/oj/eng ; 2015/863: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir_del/2015/863/oj/eng (not fetched)
• S65 EUR-Lex WEEE 2012/19/EU (not fetched): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2012/19/oj/eng
• S66 EUR-Lex REACH 1907/2006 (not fetched): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/1907/oj/eng
• S67 EUR-Lex Batteries 2023/1542 (not fetched): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1542/oj/eng
• S68 EUR-Lex CRA 2024/2847 (not fetched): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj/eng
• S69 EUR-Lex PPWR 2025/40 (not fetched): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj/eng
• S70 EUR-Lex MD 2006/42/EC (not fetched): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2006/42/oj/eng
• S71 EUR-Lex Del. Reg. (EU) 2026/339 (fetch empty; existence UNCONFIRMED): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2026/339/oj/eng